International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews
ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp: (11-17), Month: January - March 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Reviews of disaster risk management using GIS in South Asia Pohanyar (Assistant professor) Ali Nikzad Geology Department, Geosciences Faculty, Bamyan University Email: nikzadali56@gmail.com
Abstract: Many countries in the world are effected by disasters. Because of hazard occurrence people lose their houses, forms even their lives. To decrease the disaster impacts on human lives, many organizations are active on disaster risk management. Disaster risk information is spatial in nature and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) plays an important role in disaster risk management. The use of GIS has become an integrated, well developed and successful tool in disaster risk management. However, there are too many GIS-based systems for new GIS users to identify appropriate tools regardless of the usefulness. So, potential users of GIS can catch up to current and latest trends of GIS-based disaster management systems. The main aim of this research is providing an overview of using spatial information in disaster risk management. This study tells us which organizations use GIS for disaster management in South Asia and which disaster phases GIS is applied. In here is tried to answer which GIS data are used in their projects and what type of GIS technologies are applied for disaster management. Most of the organizations which deal with disaster risk management have projects in pre-disaster phase. Predisaster phase is very important and it will be more effective and economical if we pay attention on this phase. Satellite images are used the most of any other GIS data. We compared the GIS technologies, the most of organizations prefer to use web GIS technology. We catch up web GIS may be best choice for new GIS users to apply in disaster risk management. The prepared maps can be available at anytime and anywhere in laptops or mobiles. Keywords: GIS, Disaster Management, International organizations, Latest trends, South Asia.
I. INTRODUCTION Every year many disasters are occurrence in most of countries and people lose their houses, forms even their lives due to disaster occurrence. Some organizations are established for disaster risk management. They use GIS data in their projects for disaster risk management. GIS is a successful and well developed tool to use in disaster risk management. Although, there are too many GIS-based systems for new GIS users to find suitable tools regardless of the effectiveness. This study shows which organizations have project about disaster risk management and which GIS data they used in their projects and determine the type of organizations and which kind of disasters they have projects. So, potential users of GIS can catch up to current and latest trends of GIS-based disaster management systems. The main aim of this research is to provide an overview of the use of spatial information in disaster risk management. This investigation tells us about how we can use GIS for disaster risk management. This paper not only reveals what spatial data is and how it is collected, but emphasizes the use of such spatial data during pre- and post-disaster management, such as during early warning, hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment, damage assessment, as well as in the design of risk reduction measures. The study ultimately hopes that scientific advancement can be utilized for better disaster risk reduction practices. In this investigation is tried to introduce some international organizations that work in disaster risk management. They used GIS in their projects. In this research types of GIS data, types of disasters and phase management of their projects are discussed.
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