ISSN 2348-1196 (print) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online) Vol. 9, Issue 4, pp: (65-74), Month: October - December 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
PREVENTION OF HEART AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION 1 1
Ms. Suganya. R., 2Mrs. Geetha. S.
M.Phil Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science Muthurangam Government Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore, TamilNadu, India. 2
Assistant Prof, Department of Computer Science Muthurangam Government Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore, TamilNadu, India.
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world, and contributes substantially to the escalating costs of health care. The underlying pathology is atherosclerosis, which develops over many years and is usually advanced by the time symptoms occur, generally in middle age. Acute coronary and cerebrovascular events frequently occur suddenly, and are often fatal before medical care can be given. Modification of risk factors has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in people with diagnosed or undiagnosed cardiovascular disease. Type 2 Heart Disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) are conditions that cause a substantial public health burden. Since both conditions often coexist in the same individual, it has been hypothesized that they have a common effector. Insulin and hyperglycemia are assumed to play critical roles in this scenario. In recent years, many genetic risk factors for both hearts and CAD have been discovered, mainly through genome-wide association studies. Genetic aspects of hearts, heart macrovascular complications, and CAD are assumed to have intersections leading to the common effector hypothesis. However, only a few genetic risk factors could be identified that modulate the risk for both conditions. Polymorphisms in TCF7L2 and near the CDKN2A/B genes seem to be of great importance in this regard since they appear to modulate both conditions, and they are not necessarily related to insularism, or hyperglycemia, for CAD development. Other issues related to this hypothesis, such as the problems of phenotype heterogeneity, are also of interest. Recent studies have contributed to a better understanding of the complex genetics of heart macrovascular complications. Much effort is still needed to clarify the associations in the genetics of hearts, and cardiovascular disease. At present, there is little genetic evidence to support a common effector hypothesis, other than insulin or hyperglycemia, for the association between these conditions. Keywords: Heart Disease and coronary artery disease, phenotype heterogeneity, Prediction of CAD.
1. INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) covers a broad group of disorders, including diseases of the cardiac muscle and of the vascular system supplying blood to the heart, brain, and other vital organs. Predominant CVDs are Ischemic heart disease (IHD) otherwise called Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Stroke and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), Congenital Heart abnormalities and Cardiomyopathy are the other classes of disease included in CVD. Among them CAD is the most common clinical manifestation, and the single largest cause of death in both developed and developing countries (Gaziano et al., 2006; Kovacic and Fuster, 2011). Approximately 80% of CVD mediated mortality was reported from low and middle-income countries like India. Various studies reported that CVD has reached epidemic proportions in many developing countries including India and CVD mediated mortality rate is high in South India (Gupta et al., 2012; Gupta et al., 2013; Siegel et al., 2014). As per the Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (DCPP) report, CAD mortality rates in India between 2000 and 2030, predicted be about 35 percent and which would occur among age group of 35 to 64. Also in 2016 Asian Indians would account for 40-60% of global CAD burden (Gaziano et al., 2006). Asian Indians develop clinical manifestations
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