International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp: (128-139), Month: October 2018 - March 2019, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
PERFORMANCE OF COURTYARD SYSTEMS OF HOUSING IN HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE (BAUCHI, NIGERIA) Paul Wakawa Yakubu1, Halil Zafer Alibaba2 1
MArch Student, Department of architecture eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of architecture Gazimagusa, T.R. of Northern Cyprus, Turkey
2
Assoc. professor Dr. Department of architecture eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of architecture Gazimagusa, T.R. of Northern Cyprus, Turkey
Abstract: The use of courtyard as an integrated means of architecture in different building around the world has been dated back to centuries ago. Most households have employed the courtyard for different purposes and activities. The courtyard serves as a means to provide natural light, cool air, privacy as well as security to the surrounding spaces within the building. The courtyard system comes in different shapes and sizes depends on the size of the building and the region. It could be square shape, I-shape, rectangular shape, circular or amorphous E.T.C. To achieve maximum thermal comfort, cautious consideration to its orientation and configuration are put in place as well as the the size of the surrounding walls and positioning of window openings in the spaces around. During the course of these research paper, we would be focusing on northern Nigeria (Bauchi, NIGERIA). To actualize these, buildings would be analyzed and also research questions would be asked around and also analyzing the questionnaires to be distributes to get more information as well as duration and time spent in the spaces at different time of the day. Keywords: Courtyard, thermal comfort, climate, natural ventilation, daylighting.
1. INTRODUCTION Due to the increase in debates on climate change and sustainability in different regions, sustainable and green building constructions have been on the rise. Note that building design forms must not ignore atmosphere contemplations. An elective way to deal with the manner in which the buildings are designed is expected to enhance the environmental performance of buildings and limit their expense of running it, which could incorporate power and water utilization. Courtyard is a universal design element which has been tried for several time of years all around, especially in houses, and it has turned into a zone of enthusiasm for ongoing occasions by researchers. According to (Abass, Ismail, and Solla, 2006). A portion of the early designs of settlements for the most part had courtyard as unique spots which is a sentiment of outside, while as yet being inside. According to (Lea, 2008), the courtyard can be characterized as an unroofed territory that is absolutely or halfway encased by fortifications or buildings, traditionally one forming some portion of a castle or large house. The courtyard serves as means for different activities which involves playing, family time, planting, cooking, working, playing, washing drying or even to uncommon distinctive types of creatures. The patio is to be sure an encased space encompassed by a building and opened to the sky (Edward et al., 2006). Its application started from the primordial design of the Arabs, beginning Europe, and other past civic establishments (Reynold 2002). All as the centuries progressed, this basic architectural structure frame has been enhanced to mitigate various environmental features, for example, topography, site constraint, and purposed to generate an alternate type of courtyard, for example, U, L, T or Y (Das 2006). According to (Meir et al., 1995), the courtyard is classified into two major
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