International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp: (59-63), Month: October 2021 - March 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
A Literature Review on Big Data and Data Science Application in Healthcare Nattapong Chitsongsawat Roi-Et Wittayalai School
Abstract: Background: Healthcare systems have been digitally transformed by technological advancement in medical information systems, electronic medical records, wearable and smart devices, and handheld devices. In addition to technological advancement in the healthcare field, this increased number of medical and health data enabled researchers and practitioners to extract and visualise medical large data in a new spectrum. Objective: This study aimed to review big data and data science applications in healthcare and present in a summary for junior learners to easily understand. Methods: A literature review on big data and data science application in healthcare and technology-related articles and researches. Result: Big Data and Data Science application in healthcare mainly to increase effectiveness and efficiency of diagnosing, treatment, taking care of patients, healthcare service & operation, prediction and prevention of illness. The application of data science in healthcare required comprehensive and structured data in a digital format with sophisticated data analytical systems. Applying big data and data science in healthcare requires the availability of many matters in different dimensions, besides policy and budget, collecting health data, data integrity, storing it in digital form, availability of hardware and software, trained staff, responsible persons, data workers, data sharing, connectivity, utilisation of data analytics and availability of health data scientist. Keywords: data science application, healthcare, big data.
1. INTRODUCTION There’s an increasing need for big data in healthcare due to rising healthcare costs in nations like the United States. A McKinsey’s report stated that healthcare spending has been steadily increasing for more than 20 years and represented 17.6 percent of GDP which was close to $600 billion (1). This level of spending on Healthcare costs is considered quite high. Clearly, the need to cut spending and increase efficiency have been worked on. There are many technology adoption in healthcare to increase efficiency and reduce the overuse of unnecessary tests and treatments. Optimizing patients' health data has been found to be one smart way due to the sophistication of patients’ health data could support medical diagnosis to be more precise, therefore the patients’ illness could be treated right to its’ causes and the accessories could be avoided. Current incentive systems for health care providers in the U.S. are not encouraging to minimize healthcare costs, many insurance companies are switching from fee-for-service plans, which reward using expensive and sometimes unnecessary treatments and treating large amounts of patients quickly, to plans that prioritise patient outcomes. In the U.S, healthcare providers had no direct incentive to share patient information with one another, which had made it harder to utilise the power of analytics. However, nowadays more patients are getting paid based on patient outcomes, making the financial incentive to share data which can be used to improve the lives of patients while cutting costs for insurance companies. Finally, physician decisions are becoming more evidence-based, meaning that they rely on large swathes of research and clinical data as opposed to solely their schooling and professional opinion. Today, there are many types of health information, including information about health conditions in the hospital such as medical history, medication intake, results from blood tests, urine tests, data from CT-Scan, MRI or X-ray images, data from wearable devices such as smartwatches such as apple watches that can measure EKG, preliminary blood oxygen level, etc. (2). Handling information from many sources can be done in many forms. Currently, in a healthcare facility,
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