ISSN 2348-1196 (print) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online) Vol. 9, Issue 4, pp: (10-15), Month: October - December 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
An Appraisal of Various Network Coding Schemes in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks K. Lakshmi1, Dr.M.Soranamageswari2 Research Scholar1, Assistant Professor2 lakhsk2012@gmail.com1,swarnakannappan@rediff.com2 1,2
PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract: Network Coding is an optimized technique in which the message content dissemination is a combination of n number of messages to make the network more efficient. It is used in all forms of network in order to tackle the related communication problems in those networks. Network coding plays a vital role in Vanets to satisfy all the communication issues like rapid structural changes, fast moving vehicles, neighborhood connectivity for message passing etc. In Vanets, vehicles communicate with each other for providing entertainment services, to deliver traffic details and to pass life safety alert information. This is one of the most favored areas of researchers for the well-being of humans. This survey paper provides different Network Coding schemes used under Vanets. It has been classified based on Vanets applications such as Content Distribution, Routing, Medium Access Control (MAC), Multimedia Audio and Video streaming, Multihop Wireless and Broadcasting. We presented a detailed exploration and collation of current state-of-the-art protocols and algorithms for Network Coding in Vanets. Keywords: Dissemination, Network Coding, Relay, Transmission, Streaming, Transformation.
1. INTRODUCTION The major limitation of Vanets is as the vehicle moves faster it is very difficult for the vehicle to download the file and causes two main problems namely duplication which lead to improper utilization of bandwidth channel and increasing the protocol overhead. Basically the traffic scenario is categorized based upon busy timing in traffic into four types namely late night time, rush hour, dense and sparse [1]. So according to the scenario the movement of vehicle varies from time to time. The message content is of two types namely Commercial and Non-Commercial. The Commercial messages hold advertisement from Ad Company and Non-Commercial messages hold real time traffic and accident information from traffic authority. The main goal of content dissemination must have short downloading delay or high downloading rate. Generally the emergency messages will be in the form of text, images, audio or video files. The size of the safety message is less than 200 bytes and the lifetime of each messages are less than 200 ms. One of the problems in dissemination of safety messages is packet loss. The reason of packet loss is when any packet collision happens or when the packet arrives too late. The packet loss has two solutions namely Retransmission but this increases end-to-end delay and Multipath Routing which increases message overhead. The two types of errors occurs namely Random and Bursty errors. Redundant packets are controlled by redundancy controller. Redundant broadcast must be reduced to obtain high packet dissemination ratio and low end-to-end delay. Protocols are of two types namely Receiver-oriented or Deterministic which determine whether to forward messages or not and Sender-oriented or NonDeterministic which perform selection of relay nodes. Most probably all the recent protocol uses Fuzzy Logic Algorithm for selection of next relay node. The drawback of Flooding is Broadcast Storm Problem which is overcome by using Network Coding which provide more flexibility in content sharing, maintain system stability and scalability. Before introducing Network Coding, the information is secured using Public key Cryptography and Symmetric key algorithm. The main objective of Network
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