International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp: (1-9), Month: April 2021 - September 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Review on cement concrete pavements incorporating mineral admixtures Anil Kumar*1, Manjesh L*2, Amar R*3 *1
Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Gangavathi-583227
*2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Jnanabharthi560056 *3
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Hassan-573201
Abstract: The earliest is the traditional normal strength concrete which is composed of only four constituent materials, which are cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. With a fast population growth and a higher demand for housing and infrastructure, accompanied by recent developments in civil engineering, such as highrise buildings and long-span bridges, higher compressive strength concrete was needed. Concrete is a widely used construction material around the world, and its properties have been undergoing changes through technological advancement. Numerous types of concrete have been developed to enhance the different properties of concrete. So far, this development can be divided into four stages. At the beginning, reducing the water-cement ratio was the easiest way to achieve the high compressive strength. Thereafter, the fifth ingredient, a water reducing agent or super plasticizer, was indispensable. However, sometimes the compressive strength was not as important as some other properties, such as low permeability, durability and workability. Thus, high performance concrete was proposed and widely studied at the end of the last century. Currently, high-performance concrete is used in massive volumes due to its technical and economic advantages. Such materials are characterized by improved mechanical and durability properties resulting from the use of chemical and mineral admixtures as well as specialized production processes. This paper reviews the incorporation of mineral admixtures in binary, ternary and quaternary blended mortars in concrete. Keywords: Cement concrete, ingredients, low permeability, massive volumes, workability.
I. INTRODUCTION It has been a long time that the human being has been dealing with two basic needs; food and shelter. He has been coping with nature to overcome his problems using the special talent of his, the power of thought. With the emergence of technology, fulfilling his dreams created a boom in his quality of life; from wooden shelters to high rise concrete buildings and from very simple house design to making some impossible constructions possible. All this filled the human being with pride and glory and made him ignore his appreciation for nature. Gradually, he was surrounded by different environmental problems such as global warming, deforestation, landfills, toxic chemical wastes, and industrial by products and so on. Recently, one of the main concerns of most countries is coming up with a low impact material to be used in construction which can meet the needs and desires of both contractors and consumers and at the same time fulfill the principles of a new but fast growing trend; sustainable development. A.Concrete Considering the volume, concrete is the first mostly used building material in the world. Every year more than 1 m³ is produced per person (more than 10 billion tons) worldwide [1]. The easily transformed cement into functional shape makes concrete so popular in construction industry. Furthermore it is a low cost, low energy material made from the most widely available elements on earth. If properly designed and produced, concrete has excellent mechanical and durability properties. It is moldable, adaptable, and relatively fire resistant. Perhaps, its most tempting quality is the fact that it is an
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