ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 9, Issue 3, pp: (20-26), Month: July - September 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Enzymatic Detachment of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Niraj A. Ghanwate, Yogesh B. Bele Department of Microbiology Department of Microbiology Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati (Maharashtra), India Email: nirajghanwate@gmail.com
Abstract: The power of Staphylococcus aureus to make biofilm is considered to be a serious virulence factor influencing its survival and persistence in both the environment and host. In Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, a number one explanation for persistence infections is because it is highly immune to immune defences and antimicrobial therapies. This study was aimed to gauge the antibiofilm effect of varied enzymes against biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Within the present study total of 120 clinical specimens of pus samples were collected from hospitals and processed for isolation and identification of S. aureus. Growth was found in 96 specimens. Out of 96, 64 were found to be Gram-positive cocci and 32 Gram-negative bacilli. From 64 Gram-positive cocci 52 were Coagulase positive i.e Staphylococcus aureus and 12 Coagulase-negative. All Staphylococcus aureus isolates were further investigated for biofilm formation by the Tissue Culture Plate method. From 52 isolates 32 (62%) moderate biofilm forming, 16 (30%) weak biofilm forming and 04 (08%) strong biofilm forming. Biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolates was treated by 1% solution Amylase and Lysozyme enzymes to gauge the antibiofilm activity of enzymes for the detachment of biofilm. It was observed that Amylase and Lysozyme showed considerable antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. All the strong and moderate biofilms produced by strains of Staphylococcus aureus were rendered non biofilm. Thus, these enzymes are useful as antibiofilm agents against biofilm formed by pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Biofilm, TCP method, enzymes, Staphylococcus aureus.
I. INTRODUCTION A survey on Nosocomial Infection concluded that at any time, over 1.4 million people worldwide are affected by infections acquired in treatment booth, with an accounted 80,000 deaths annually [1,2]. Biofilm is an important character of nosocomial pathogens. Biofilm is an association of microorganism that adhere to solid surfaces and are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, in an environment containing liquids [3-5]. Biofilm associated cells stay irreversibly on various kinds of surfaces, including living tissues and indwelling medical devices as catheters valves, prosthesis then forth [6-8] and acts as endless source of contamination and infection [9]. According to National institute of health (NIH) about 65% of all microbial infections and 80% of all chronic infections are associated with biofilms [10]. Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of severe infections in both developed and developing countries. The most common S. aureus diseases are skin and soft tissue infection, ranging from mild and superficial conditions such as impetigo and folliculitis, to potentially fatal and deep-seated infections such as cellulitis, pyomyositis and fasciitis [11]. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilm is considered to be a major virulence factor influencing its survival and persistence in both the environment and the host. It is also important nosocomial pathogen [12,13]. Biofilms forming on the surface of indwelling medical devices by organisms such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus constitute a leading cause of infections [14]. Bacteria protected within biofilm exopolysaccharides are up to 1,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic cells (free floating), which generates serious consequences for therapy and severely complicates treatment options. The increased biofilm resistance to conventional treatments enhances the need to develop new control strategies. In recent years, several green nonlethal strategies for biofilm control have been developed, because the mode of action of these of these novel antibiofilm agents is much less susceptible to the emergence of resistance [13,15-17]. The use of substances to
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