International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp: (14-25), Month: April 2021 - September 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ISCHEMIC STROKE IN YOUNG ADULTS Keswini Gopalakrishnan1, A.A Ngurah Subawa2, Desak Gde Diah DharmaSanthi2, Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari2 1 2
Programme of Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali
Department of Clinical Pathology RSUP Sanglah/ Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali Email: keswini@yahoo.com
Abstract: Stroke is a neurological deficit due to acute focal injury of the Central Nervous System (CNS). However ischemic stroke is due to blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. It is the most common type of stroke and there are several major and minor risk factors contributing to it such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, consumption of alcohol, smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia. The minor risk factors are ; gender , ethnicity , history of stroke in family,vascular disease, coronary disease, myocardial infacrtion, atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Through this study we aim to determine the risk factors contributing to ischemic stroke in young adults. Systematic review with inclusion and exclusion criteria through search engines obtained 338 journals that were reviewed. 8 journals were used as main reference in writing this review. The data obtained are in the form of descriptive analysis by narrating findings of scientific articles which are then arranged systematically and according to each topic discussed so that a conclusion is obtained that represents the entire content of the review. Based on the 8 journal that was reviewed I have observed that the risk factors of ischemic stroke in young adults can be divided into major and minor. The major risk factors are hypertension (87.5%), diabetes mellitus (87.5%) and dyslipidemia (87.5%). The minor risk factors are smoking (75%), high consumption of alcohol (50%) and obesity (25%). The major risk factor contributing to ischemic stroke in young adults are dominantly hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The minor risk factrs are obesity, high consumption of alcohol and smoking. Keywords: ischemic stroke, risk factor, young adult.
1. INTRODUCTION Stroke is characterised as a neurological deficit credited to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system (CNS) due to vascular reason such as cerebral infarction , intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 1 Stroke can be further broken down into 2 types which are ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke has known to be the most comon type of stroke that occurs and this is due to blockage of blood vessel in the neck or the brain. Blockage of such is caused by “ the formation of a clot within a blood vessel in he brain or neck , called thrombosis; the movement of the clot from another part of the body such as the heart to the brain which is known as embolism; or a severe narrowing of an artery in or leading to he brain, known as stenosis”. 2 By refereing to the journal Ischaemic stroke in young aduts : a global perspective, age can be categorised into young adults which are ages between 18 to 50 of years , while older adults are above 51 years of age. 3 Therefore in my journal , I have based my research on said journal and written about young adults with the age range of 18 to 50 years of age. Ischemic stroke in young adults is undeniably more uncommon than that among more older adults, yet the underlying pathogeneses furthermore, risk factors are more different. Around 10% to 15% of all strokes happen in adults around the age of 18 to 50 years. To some degree, because of the lower perecentage of occurance , the analysis of stroke in younger adults can be hard to separate from stroke emulates and to distinguish the reason or the fundamental pathogenesis.4
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