ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp: (71-79), Month: January - March 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Insecticidal efficacy of essential oils from Artemisia maritima L. and Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and their two major constituents against Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) 1
Jyotika Brari, 2 Varun Kumar
Abhilashi University Chail chowk, Mandi, H.P. -175028, India Email: Jyotika58brari@gmail.com
Abstract: Essential oils isolated from Artemisia maritima L. and Zanthoxylum armatum DC. were analyzed by mass spectroscopy (MS) and their main constituents were identified. Fumigant activity, repellent activity, progeny deterrency and antifeedant activity of essential oils and two constituents viz., alpha pinene and linalool were examined against the major stored product insect pest, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). 100% mortality was achieved by alpha pinene, linalool, A. maritima and Z. armatum oils at all concentrations within 120 hrs against P. interpunctella. Alpha pinene showed the highest repellent activity of 80.18±1.9, 88.36±1.4, 93.15±4.1% after 1, 3 and 5 hrs respectively followed by linalool and Z. armatum and showed remarkable activity at 6 µl/cm2 against P. interpunctella with 76.24±1.1 and 66.42±2.8% repellence after 3 hrs followed by 80.46±1.8 and 72.26±1.4% after an interval of 5 hrs. In progeny deterrence tests alpha pinene and linalool were more potent than others producing 10.25±1.2 and 13.45±2.2 F1 progeny of P. interpunctella with 74.66 and 66.74% deterrent activity even at a lowest concentration of 10 µl/ml, whereas 40.45±4.8 adults emerged successfully in control. Similarly highest antifeedant activity was revealed for alpha pinene followed by linalool while both the essential oils showed less FDI against the given pest. Responses varied with respect to doses of compounds and exposure time. Further, alpha pinene showed higher toxicity than linalool and it may be attributed to its chemical structure Keywords: Fumigant toxicity, essential oil, repellency, antifeedant activity, insect pests.
1. INTRODUCTION Stored-product insects are serious pests of dried, stored, durable agricultural supplies and of many value-added food products and nonfood derivatives. According to FAO, approximately 10% world - wide loss of all stored grains occurs in store, i.e., 13 million tons of grain lost due to insects and 100 million tons due to improper storage (Wolpert, 1967). Several species of insects may infest grain in storage. The most economically important post-harvest insect pests belong to two major groups; Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). Several lepidopteran larvae through silky secretion entangle the feeding media which turns products into entwined lumps. Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest of stored products like grains, seeds, flour and other milled products and has a universal distribution (Nansen et al., 2004). The webbing formed is noticeably dense and tough, adding to the damage caused (Ayyar, 1934; Allotey and Azalekor, 2000). Chemical pesticides are considered as the most common and cost effective method of protecting grains and controlling insect infestations in field and storage conditions. Although synthetic pesticides have an immense contribution in increasing the agricultural productivity and food supply but indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides such as methyl bromide and phosphine have many negative effects causing severe environmental problems like ozone depletion, environmental pollution, toxicity to non-target organisms and
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