ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp: (5-9), Month: January - March 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOL ROOT EXTRACT OF DATURA METEL USING ALBINO RATS 1
A. Gana, 1Y. Haruna, 1C.M. Elinge, 1A. Attahiru 1
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero Corresponding email address: gana78079@gmail.com Abstract: For several years plants have been a source of potential drug substance which has been a resurgence of interest to researchers for natural materials as an alternative for the treatment and management of many diseases. Datura metel is a member of the family Solanaceae, shrub-like annual herb known as devil's trumpet. Pain is a devastating health problems commonly treated with traditional medicinal plants in many part of the world most especially in Africa, because of the high cost of some drugs; some have turn to consuming of plants materials to reach their desire. The roots of Datura metel have been used as pain resistant during traditional marriage rights, as such; its analgesic effect needs to be investigated for its claim. The root of Datura metel was extracted by cool maceration using methanol. Phytochemicals were screened using laboratory methods. The phytochemical screening of methanolic root extract revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phenols and steroids while glycoside and anthraquinones were absent. Thirty albino rats were used to assess the analgesic activity of Datura metel and were divided into six groups of 5 rats each. The extract was potent at all doses as well as the standard drug when compared with negative control. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that methanol root extract of Datura metel could be used as a pain reliever in traditional medicine. This validates its analgesic and is recommended for use in analgesic formulations. Keywords: medicinal, plant, Datura, root, pain, analgesic, rats and methanol.
1. INTRODUCTION Over the past years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the research of natural materials as a source of potential drug substance [16]. Plants have great potential for the treatment and management of some diseases and have been used world wild for the treatment of several diseased conditions. The medicinal importance of plants lies in their bioactive phytochemical constituents that produce definite physiological actions in the human and other animals body [1]. Medicinal herbs have their value as medicament based simply on a traditional folk use that has been perpetuated for generations. With the increase in the use of herbal medicines a thorough scientific investigation of these plants is of importance, based on the need to validate their myths usage [3]. Pain is a disabling accompaniment of many medical conditions and pain control is one of the most important therapeutic priorities [18]. Analgesics are drugs used to treat or reduce pain. Description of Datura metel Datura metel is a shrub-like annual herb known as devil's trumpet. Datura metel grows in the wild in all the warmer regions of the world, its indigenous names in Nigeria include: Igbo –Myaramuo; Hausa – babanjubji; Yoruba – Apikan [13]. In some parts of Nigeria, especially the north, Datura metel is found growing as a weed in abandoned farmlands, dumpsites and sometime cultivated. Datura comprises of more than 10 species the common ones include, Datura Metal, Datura Alba, and Datura Stramonium.
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