International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp: (174-185), Month: October 2020 - March 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
THE PROPORTION OF MYOPIA AND ITS ASSOCIATING FACTORS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS BATCH 2017 OF UNIVERSITY UDAYANA Nicole Anne Teng Ai Ming1, AA Mas Putrawati Triningrat2, I Wayan Eka Sutyawan2, Deasy Sucicahyati Mendala2 1
Medicine and Doctor Profession, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali
2
Departement of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali Email: gdnicolex@gmail.com
Abstract: Myopia is a common eye disorder and is also one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. A person is said to be myopic when a person cannot see objects which are at a distant. Myopia happens when light falls in front of the retina. The presence of myopia is also associated with near work activities, environmental exposure and nutritional intake. This study will research the proportion of myopia and the correlation of the associating factors and myopia in medical students in University Udayana of batch 2017. This study is an analytic study using cross sectional method. Data is obtained by using The Sydney Myopia Questionnaire and it is given out to random medical students of batch 2017 which sample who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The proportion of myopia among medical students’ batch 2017 of University Udayana is 70.6%. There is correlation between myopia and near work activities such as using mobile devices and reading. Environmental exposure in the terms of mainly staying indoors and indoors and outdoors. Nutritional intake in terms of consumption of fast food and vegetables have an impact on myopia. Myopia among medical students’ batch 2017 of University Udayana shows 70.6% proportion rate. There is a correlation of myopia and near work activities, environmental exposure and nutritional intake. Keywords: myopia, refraction, near work, environmental exposure, nutritional intake.
1. INTRODUCTION Myopia which is generally known as ‘near-sightedness’ or ‘short-sightedness’ is an occurrence where the eyeball is longer than normal. This causes the image to fall in front of the retina instead of on the retina. People whom diagnosed with myopia struggle to see objects which are distant as compared to objects which are near. 1 There are three degrees of myopia which are low myopia, medium myopia and high myopia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), low myopia is defined as a spherical refractive error of -0.50 D to -3.0D in either eye. Next is medium myopia which ranges from -3.1D to -6.0D. High myopia which is defined as a spherical refractive error of - 6.1D or greater in either eye.2 Other than the degree of myopia, another parameter of which myopia can be based on is the type of myopia. There are different types of myopia which can affect people differently, some of the known types of myopia are simple myopia, pseudomyopia, transient drug induced myopia, nocturnal myopia, pathological myopia and etc.3 For the purpose of this research, the focus will be on simple myopia and pathological myopia, since simple myopia and pathological myopia are common occurrences. More on simple myopia and pathological myopia will be further defined in this study.
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