ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp: (55-60), Month: October - December 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Studies on Secondary Metaboloids From Potential Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br AMBIKA VASANTAKUMAR1 AND VIDYASAGAR G.M2* Medicinal Plants and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of P G Studies and Research in Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106, Karnataka, India.
Abstract: Medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) is a herb distributed throughout the world. The leaves showed antidiabetes, antimicrobial, antihypercholesterolemic, hepatoprotective and diuretic properties. Several active compounds such as, triterpenoid gymnemagenin, Gymnemic acid, Betaine, Beta-Carotene, Choline, Gymnemic-Acid, Niacin, Ascorbic-Acid have been reported from the leaves and root. In India leaves are mainly used as hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory agent, skin cosmetics and in the treatment of asthma, eye complaints, inflammations, snake bite, diabetes and obesity. G. sylvestre is a rare plant overexploited by traditional healers across the world. Therefore, endophytes can serve as the best alternate source for the host plant. Therefore, the present work was carried out to study the endophytic fungi of G. sylvestre and their role in the production of therapeutic active compounds. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents in the fungal endophyte VAG-4.The presence of Phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins were detected in both plant and fungal extracts. Among the phytochemicals detected in VAG-4, flavonoids (3.8%) were found to be maximum followed by phenols (2.1%), alkaloids (2.05%), saponins (1.08%), tannins (0.6%), terpenoids (2.8%). Similarly, the Plants reveals maximum of flavonoids (8.1%) followed by phenols (4.32%), alkaloids (3.75%), saponins (2.22%), tannins (1.2%) and terpenoids (5.8%). The fungal endophytes in isolation was found more efficient in producing secondary metabolites than its association with host plant. Keywords: Gymnema sylvestre, Endophytic Fungi, Phytoconstituents, Secondary metabolites.
1. INTRODUCTION In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems has been highlighted [1]. Traditionally used medicinal plants produce a variety of compounds of known therapeutic properties [2]. Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) is a herb distributed throughout the world. The leaves showed antidiabetes, antimicrobial, antihypercholesterolemic, hepatoprotective [3].and diuretic properties. Several active compounds such as, Betaine,Beta-Carotene, Choline, Gymnemic-Acid, Niacin, Ascorbic-Acid, triterpenoid gymnemagenin, Gymnemic acid, have been reported from the root and leaves. In India leaves are mainly used as hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory agent, skin cosmetics and in the treatment of asthma, eye complaints, inflammations[5-6], snake bite[4], diabetes and obesity[7-8].As an alternative, the microbes which live such plants may offer tremendous potential sources of therapeutic compounds. Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plant tissues in their life cycle without causing any apparent harm to their host. Their presence implied a symbiotic interaction, in all the plants investigated until now, Endophytes were mentioned for the first time by Bray in 19th century.Endophytes have been found in nearly all plant families,It is estimated that there may be at least one million species of endophytic fungi alone. Recently endophytes are viewed an outstanding source of secondary metabolites and bioactive antimicrobial natural products.G. sylvestre (Fig.1) is a rare plant overexploited by traditional healers across the world. Therefore, endophytes can serve as the best alternate source material for the extraction of active compounds.Therefore, the present work was
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