ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp: (27-31), Month: October - December 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Stress induced biochemical analysis of hepatocyte proliferation in Chicken Aashoqullah Sajaad Lecturer at Department of Biology Faculty of Education Alberoni University, Kapisa, Afghanistan asajaad2018@gmail.com
Abstract: The development of in vitro models of toxicity is required to decrease the dependence on potentially misleading in vivo animal studies. Research suggests that for certain systems, animal models are insufficient for toxicology testing. It is tedious to study all the functions of the liver in vivo, because of other organs interventions. Hence, the hepatocytes were cultured in vitro in order to study the different activities of the liver. Cadmium is one of the heavy metals which have toxic effects on the various organs and systems of the body. This paper evaluates whether cadmium induces alterations in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) changes in chicken hepatocytes. The obtained results indicate that cadmium induced hepatocyte proliferation at different concentrations. Keywords: Hepatocytes, Cadmium, Aspartate transferase, Alanine transferase, Alkaline phosphatase, Trypan blue dye.
I. INTRODUCTION Liver is considered as a biochemical factory responsible for most of the synthesis, metabolism, excretion, and detoxification processes. In addition, it also produces a variety of proteins, including blood proteins, enzymes, hormones, clotting and immune factors. Unlike in other animals, in poultry, liver is the major site of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis (Leveille, 1966, 1969; Pearce, 1977). Liver functions are impaired due to liver injuries and damage which in turn lead to many health hazards. The known immediate consequences of either damage result in dysfunction of metabolic activities. However, it is difficult to study specific liver functions in vivo due to influences from the adjacent organs which also has the ability to metabolize drugs (Lee et al., 2014). Cadmium (Cd) as a toxic heavy metal has been distributed widely and uniformly and with small amounts throughout the earth's crust. It is not considered as essential element for living organisms, therefore its presence in organism tissues is considered as contamination (Kramarova et al., 2005; Rehman et al., 2012). Cd was absorbed by gastrointestinal tract and lungs, transported by blood and accumulated in various tissues and organs in the body especially kidney and liver. This ability of liver and kidneys to accumulate high concentration of cadmium is a common feature not only to chickens but also in other animals. Its accumulation and amount in different organs depends on the interval of exposure, the quantity ingestion, the production and reproduction phases of the animals, as well as their age and breed and the rate of elimination from these organs is relatively low (Baykov et al., 1996; Koréneková et al., 2002). Several researchers studied its distribution pattern in liver and kidney of animals (Baykov et al., 1996; Doganoc and Gacnik, 1995; Sharma et al., 1979; Swaileh et al., 2009; White and Finley, 1978).
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