ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp: (18-22), Month: October - December 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Arsenic trioxide Induced Nephrotoxicity in Freshwater Walking Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linneaus, 1758): In vivo study Shrawan Kumar1, Prakash Singh1, G.B.Chand1* 1
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna- 800 005 Email: gbchand@rediffmail.com
Abstract: Arsenic is the most noxious metalloid affecting the aquatic organism by inducing oxidative stress and histopathological abnormalities in vital organs. Bihar is emerging as the hot spot to the arsenic toxicity next to West Bengal in India. Most of the districts of Bihar have the prevalence of arsenic in the ground water. In the present study the freshwater air breathing fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) has procured from Phulwarisharif Fish farm, Patna and acclimatized in the laboratory for 15 days. 96 hours and 48 hours LC 50 of As2O3 for fish was calculated as per standard APHA method. The fishes were exposed to 2.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm and 7.5 ppm of As2O3 for one week. After the termination of exposure, the autopsy was done and the fish kidney were extracted and fixed in 10% NF and paraffin spread sections were prepared for light microscopy. The major histopathological anomalies incurred in kidney were – infiltration of neutrophils, fibrin and pus cells in the lumen of collecting tubules, oedematous, deposition in the lumen of PCT and DCT, infiltration of plasma cells in intertubular space, metastatic calcification of glomeruli etc. The findings of the present study shows that the nephrotoxicity generated in fish due to Arsenic is dose & duration dependent which ultimately lead to the renal failure of the fish. A close monitoring of the health of the fish is the need of hours for their conservation and enhancement of aquaculture sector of the State. Keywords: Clarias batrachus, Nephrotoxicity, As2O3, LC50, renal tissues.
I. INTRODUCTION Heavy metals and pesticides contamination of the aquatic system has attracted the attention of researchers all over the world. The natural aquatic systems may extensively be contaminated with heavy metals released from domestic, industrial and other human activities. They may have devastating impact on the ecological balance of the recipient environment and a diversity of aquatic organisms including fish. Arsenic toxicity has numerous deleterious impacts on the experimental model as well as in the human beings. Several different organ systems are affected by arsenic including skin, respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal and nervous systems. The investigation of histological changes in the organs of fish is an accurate way to assess the effects of xenobiotic compounds in experimental studies. Hence this study was undertaken to examine the effect of arsenite at sublethal concentration on histology of kidney of common air breathing fish Clarias batrachus. Since the kidney, being the major route of arsenic excretion, is seriously affected by arsenic poisoning. Various sites of arsenic damages in the kidney include capillaries, tubules and glomeruli[1], [2]. Other serious implications of arsenic poisoning at renal level are mitochondrial damage in prominent epithelial cells leading to proteinuria, shock, dehydration and ultimate renal failure[3]. Banerjee & Bhattacharya[4] have studied histopathological abnormalities in the kidney of Channa punctatus exposed to chronic nonlethal level of elsan, mercury and ammonia. They have shown marked acute tubular epithelial degeneration,
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