International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp: (61-68), Month: July - September 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
DESIGN OF BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Harsh Shah1, Sahil Mangaonkar2, Siddhant Bhatt3 U.G. Student, Electronics1, Electronics and Telecommunication2, Electronics3 Engineering, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai, India-400056 Email: harshshah.hs208@gmail.com1, sahilmmangaonkar@gmail.com2, siddhantbhatt1999@gmail.com3
Abstract: The project reviews the necessity and design of battery management circuitry and also describes tests required for characterization of Li-ion cell. Design and analysis of cell balancing circuitry is discussed. Problem like overvoltage, discharging, SOC(State of Charge) , SOH(State of Health) are encountered. Additionally, the text explains the design of electronic load which can also be used as a battery-charger. The effect of discharging rate on the capacity of a cell is analyzed. It is hoped this design would contribute to sustainable development. We aim to provide a Battery Management Systems for the Electric vehicle Systems and hence aim to do our bit to ease their task. Keywords: BMS, Battery Monitoring and Management, Master Slave configuration, State of Charge, State of Health, CAN Trans receiver.
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Need for Battery Monitoring and Management: With the continual rise in average global temperatures, an alternative and eco-friendly source of transportation was required. Electric and hybrid-electric vehicles have proved to be efficient and environment friendly in the past decade. The most common power source for these vehicles are Lithium chemistry-based cells. Battery-packs made out of these cells needs continuous monitoring as they are hazardous and explosive in nature when subjected to a hostile environment. Maintenance of these batteries is thus proving to be of paramount importance. Selection of appropriate battery chemistry is a very important factor in deciding the overall performance of the system. From today's perspective, Li-ion chemistry is the battery technology of choice due to its high energy density and power rating and charge/discharge efficiency in pulsed energy flow systems. A Li-ion fails if overcharged, over-discharged or operated outside their safe operating temperature window. For this reason, it requires a Battery Management System (BMS) which will maintain each cell of battery within the safe operating range. At present, numerous automobile firms have developed their BMS's. However, their designs are proprietary. Our goal is to develop a BMS which would serve the purpose of monitoring large battery-packs, with no compromise on the system and user's safety. The design would be open sourced so that the entire community is benefited. 1.1.1 Requirements for Battery Monitoring and Management: Battery Monitoring is important for Li-ion chemistry for ensuring prolonged battery life as well as energy efficiency. The main parameters required for this task are voltage, current and temperature over time. Another important parameter to be taken into consideration is State-Of-Charge (SOC). The operational characteristics and cell life are a strong function of temperature. Abrupt cell temperature changes can indicate cell failure. The below figure illustrates a basic BMS used in a typical Electric Vehicle or a power generation station.
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