International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp: (211-215) Month: April 2020 - September 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
A Study on Re-infection and Re-activation of SARS-COV-2 Aashoqullah Sajaad Lecturer at Department of Biology Faculty of Education Alberoni University, Kapisa, Afghanistan asajaad2018@gmail.com
Abstract: One type of corona jumped from bat to animal then to human and this virus calling SARS-COV-2 and causes the COVID-19 disease. The COVID-19 is keep increasing day-by-day in all of the world and in the other hand some of discharged patients after recovery show some positive RT-PCR and they think they were infected by same virus again or the virus reactivated again. In this paper, I have demonstrated that reactivation and reinfection will not occur in the same person in a short period of time. Keywords: Corona Virus, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, Reinfection, Reactivation, Redetection, RT-PCR.
I. INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is contract form of corona virus disease in 2019, where is CO=Corona, VI=Virus, D=Disease and 19=2019. This disease in the first time recognized in Wuhan city of China in late 2019. There are many Corona viruses that infects animal as well as human, but this virus seen in human first in 2019. This virus unlike common cold, but it is similar to zoonotic Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-COV) from 2002 and Meddle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) from 2012 [1]. There is similarity between SARS-COV from 2002 and this new virus that causes COVID-19 diseases and because of that named SARS-COV-2 (Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2). This virus named by the WHO and International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. This virus is a new human-infecting Beta coronavirus that, based on its genetic proximity to 2 bat-derived SARS-like coronaviruses, likely originated in chrysanthemum bats. The virus uses a densely glycosylated spike (S) protein to enter host cells and binds with high affinity to the angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor in humans in a manner similar to SARS-COV from 2002. However, monoclonal antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-COV do not exhibit much binding to SARS-COV-2, confirming that this is a new virus. The ACE2 enzyme is expressed in type II alveolar cells, and some unconfirmed data suggest that Asian males have a large number of ACE2-expressing cells in the lung, which may partially explain the male predominance of COVID-19. However, other factors such as a higher prevalence of smoking among men in China may explain the difference in the sex distribution of the disease. There is likely an intermediate host between bats and humans, and preliminary data suggest it is the pangolin (a scaly anteater), an endangered and commonly trafficked Mammal in which recombination of the bat and pangolin coronaviruses could have occurred [2]. Common symptoms of COVID-19 includes fever, cough, myalgia, and fatigue. Patients may initially present with diarrhea and nausea a few days before developing a fever, which suggests that fever is dominant but not the premier symptom of infection. A small number of patients can have headache or hemoptysis and be relatively asymptomatic. Affected older men with comorbidities are more likely to have respiratory failure due to severe alveolar damage. Disease onset may show rapid progression to organ dysfunction (e.g. shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, and acute kidney injury) and even death in severe cases. Meanwhile, patients might have normal or lower white blood cell counts, lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia, with extended activated thromboplastin time and increased C-
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