International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp: (192-198), Month: April 2020 - September 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Bacteriological Pattern and Its Resistance on Antibiotics in Patient with Bacteriological Culture Test in ICU RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Khoirul Adi Nur Alfisyahri1, I Wayan Suranadi2, I Gusti Agung Gede Utara Hartawan3, Dewa Ayu Mas Shintya4 1
Medical Student of Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
2,3,4
Department of Anesthesiology, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Abstract: There have been recorded that more 23,000 deaths occur each year due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance can be prevented by rational and appropriate use of antibiotics. The bacteriological profile and its resistance on antibiotics can provide a reference in giving antibiotics rationally and appropriately. This research was conducted at ICU Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in the span of 1st January 2020 to 31st March 2020. This study uses the results of bacteriological culture tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests on all patients who carried out bacterial culture at the study site. The bacteriological profile found dominant in samples was Acinetobacter baumannii (28.75%), Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae (17.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.25%). The susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics is 81.8% sensitive to Amikacin and 100% resistant to Cefazolin, Cefixime, Cefuroxime, and Cefoperazone. Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae to antibiotics are 100% sensitive to Meropenem and 100% resistant to Ampicillin. The susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics is 90% sensitive to Amikacin, 84.6% sensitive to Gentamicin, and 83.3% resistant to Levofloxacin. Keywords: Bacteriological pattern, antibiotic resistance, ICU. 1.
INTRODUCTION
Antibiotics were first discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1928. First introduced as term “antibiotics” by Selman Waksman in 1942. The use of antibiotics has become a treatment of infections used throughout the world. [1] Problem that arises in the use of antibiotics is the incidence of antibiotic resistance. There are 23,000 deaths due to antibiotic resistance in the United States each year. While there are 700,000 deaths due to antibiotic resistance worldwide. [2,3] Antibiotic resistance occurs when microbes are able to adapt in the concentration of antibiotics that previously killed them. Prevention of antibiotic resistance can be done through the implementation of policies and guidelines on the use of appropriate antibiotics. [4] The bacteriological and antibiotic resistance pattern can provide a reference in the selection of antibiotics for patients. Bacteriological and antibiotic sensitivity patterns are found to be different in each place and time. Therefore, an understanding of bacteriological and antibiotic resistance patterns is needed. [5] This research helps in providing data on bacteriological and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in ICU Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. This study will summarize bacteriological data and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in ICU Sanglah Hospital during January to March 2020 and compare them in the discussion with bacteriological and antibiotic sensitivity pattern data in ICU Sanglah Hospital during 2017 to 2018.
2. METHODOLOGY This research is a descriptive study with the data taken prospectively. Data collection was carried out for three months from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2020. Consecutive sampling is a sampling method used in this study which means that all samples that meet the requirements will be taken into account. Data collected in this study were secondary data from patients in the form of bacterial culture test and antibiotic sensitivity test. Data taken from each sample consisted of found germs and a list of antibiotic results. The list of antibiotic results in the sample data consists of antibiotics that show
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