International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp: (98-103), Month: April 2020 - September 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Role of Physiotherapy in Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint: A Literature Review Beant singh Jattana1, Simranjeet Kaur2, Kavita Kaushal3 1
BPT Intern, 2Assistant Professor, 3Professor & Principal, Department of physiotherapy, College of Physiotherapy, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
Abstract: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease seen most frequently in adults and characterized by pain and loss of function. Prevalence of OA increases with age and it is most frequently seen in individuals above 65. Osteoarthritis is defined as a non-inflammatory disease causing metabolic, structural, biochemical changes in articular cartilage and affecting subchondral bone, joint capsule, synovial membrane and muscle around joint. Consequently it causes pain limitation of joint movement, disability and a decrease in muscle strength which affects ability for sitting on the chair, standing, walking and climbing stairs. It can affect any joint in the body but involvement of the spine or weight bearing joint such as hip and knee may result in more disabling condition than in other parts of the body. Keywords: Musculoskeletal, Maladaptive, Strengthening, Kinesio Tape, Therapeutic Ultrasound.
1. INTRODUCTION Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and chronic disease of the knee joint resulting from damage to hyaline cartilage and is the most common type of arthritis. It is the most common musculoskeletal disease among individual older than 65 years(1,2). It is highly prevalent in general population and is increasing in frequency with age (4). Gender also influences the prevalence of OA. Isolated hand and knee OA are common in women, whereas the prevalence of hip is higher in men. It is characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness for less than 30 minutes, crepitus, bony enlargement, limitation of range of motion, instability and tenderness. The common physical impairment associated with knee OA are pain, decreased range of motion and quadriceps muscle weakness (5). It can affect any joint in the body but involvement of the spine or weight bearing joint such as hip and knee may result in more disabling condition than in other parts of the body(4). Two types of OA are recognized- primary and secondary.
Primary OA: This occurs in a joint de novo. It occurs in old age, mainly in the weight bearing joints (knee and hip). In a generalized variety, the trapezio-metacarpal joint of the thumb and the distal inter-phalangeal joints of the fingers are also affected. Primary OA is commoner than secondary OA.
Secondary OA: In this type, there is an underlying primary disease of the joint which leads to degeneration of the joint, often many years later. It may occur at any age after adolescence (6).
The Kellgren and Lawrence system is a common method of classifying the severity of Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) using five grades. This classification was proposed by Kellgren et al. in 1957 and later accepted by WHO in 1961. In applying the system, the prevalence of chronic knee pain in a postal survey of 2000 Swedes aged 35-54 was 15%. Of these respondents, 1% showed radiographic knee OA, based on bilateral weight bearing plain films.
2. CLASSIFICATION
Grade 0: no radiographic features of OA are present
Grade 1: doubtful joint space narrowing (JSN) and possible osteophytic lipping
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