ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp: (5-11), Month: January - March 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Argel (Solenostemma argel) extracts as an Oviposition inhibitor to Spiny Bollworm [Earias insulana (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] Mubarak Abdelrahman Salim Eisa1, Hamid Ahmed Hamid2, Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag3 1 2,3
University of Zalingei, Zalingei, Sudan
University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, 13314, Sudan
Abstract: The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of aqueous and oil extracts of jatropha (Jatropha curcas) seeds and argel (Solenostemma argel) leaves on egg-laying of the spiny bollworm (Erias insulana). The study was carried out under laboratory conditions (25-30°C and 60-70% Relative Humidity) at the Department of Crop Protection, University of Khartoum. One concentration of the aqueous and oil extracts of each plant was tested in this study viz. 10% (w/v). The potential effects of the aqueous and oil extracts of tested plants at various doses were investigated on egg-laying of the spiny bollworm. The insecticide emamectin benzoate (proclaim®) at a rate of 75 g/100L was used as standard. Control sets of treated (n-hexane) and untreated also were included. The results showed that no significant difference (P≥0.05) was detected in the mean number of eggs laid by the spiny bollworm (SBW) on okra pods sprayed with emamectin benzoate (proclaim®) and those sprayed with 10% aqueous and oil extracts of jatropha seeds and argel leaves. Significantly low (P≤0.05) mean number of eggs was laid on pod sprayed with 10% aqueous extracts of jatropha seeds (4.5), and argel leaves (1.8) compared to that laid on the untreated pod (11.8). The study recommends the use of aqueous extracts of jatropha seeds at a concentration of 10% and argel leaves at a concentration of 10%. The study also recommends the use of aqueous extracts of jatropha and argel for their ease of preparation. The study suggested other work to validate these results under field conditions. Keywords: Extract, Oil, Aqueous, Egg-laying, Sudan.
I. INTRODUCTION Earias insulana Boisduval (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), commonly known as the spiny bollworm, is an important pest of cotton and okra in Sudan. It is difficult to identify the larvae of Earias insulana, therefore records often do not name the exact species of Earias found on crops. The recorded hosts are generally confined to the Malvaceous plants. Pearson [1] suggested that cotton is generally not the first choice as a host for Earias spp. A survey by Khidir et al. [2] found that okra was preferred towards the end of the cotton season when the cotton bolls were hard. The genus Earias is widely distributed in the Old World and Australasia, and some are pests of considerable importance in many of the cottongrowing countries of Africa and Asia. The spiny bollworm, Earias insulana has an extremely wide range and is found throughout most of Africa and the Mediterranean region and eastwards to India, China, and Southeast Asia [3]. Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench)] is an economically important vegetable crop grown in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. World okra production in 2010 was 6.9 million tons, while in the Sudan okra production was estimated to be 2.6 million tons [4]. It is consumed by almost all the Sudanese people either as green immature pods (fried or cooked or in soup or stews) or sundried and ground into powder locally known as “wieka” which is used as an ingredient in the preparation of a favorable Sudanese “molah” [5].
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