International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews
ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Vol. 9, Issue 4, pp: (8-17), Month: October - December 2021, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
ISOLATION, SCREENING, AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOCATALYST FROM BACTERIA AND FUNGI IN OIL POLLUTED SOIL Ubong U.Isang1, Gideon C. Okpokwasili2, Francis Ire3 1
(World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria) 2-3
(Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria)
Abstract: The continuous activities of companies that deal with substances such as hydrocarbons and their derivatives in the environment are the primary source of pollution in our ecosystem, and they must be eliminated and managed. Biocatalysts secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified and characterized in this study. The oil-polluted environment is an ideal habitat for isolating lipase-producing microorganisms. At the University of Port Harcourt, Aluu, and Rupkokwu were chosen as case studies because of their distinctive oily environments for isolating lipase-producing microorganisms. The goal of this investigation was to isolate, screen, identify, and characterize lipase-producing fungi and bacteria from oilcontaminated soil. While screening, inoculation on the spot for primary screening, and Lipase synthesis in submerged fermentation were used. To test the effect of temperature on lipase activity, the reaction was carried out at temperatures ranging from 10 to 90 °C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced the most lipase, followed by Bacillus cereus, with a minor amount of lipase in the shape of a zone around the Saccharomyces cerevisiae colony. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited the greatest enzyme activity of 17.19 U/L after 72 hours of inoculation into the culture medium, and the biocatalyst producing temperature conditions were maximized at 37 oC. The enzyme activities of the three isolates were 0.5 U/L after 96 hours of inoculation. The lipase was extremely stable in terms of temperature and organic solvent. This one-of-a-kind feature makes it appealing and practical for industrial applications. Keywords: Bacillus cereus, Biocatalyst, Biomaterial, Environment, Enzymes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
I. INTRODUCTION Biocatalysts are natural materials that include enzymes derived from biological sources, dead or living microorganisms, derivatives, and entire cells. Chemical reactions can be sped up by using biocatalysts [1]. Enzymes accelerate reactions between reactants and products by being particular and exact in their activities. They also use very little or no energy to do so. Biocatalysts with distinct properties are being developed to replace costly chemical catalysts with toxic side effects being environmentally unfriendly. Biocatalysts are enzymes. Enzymes are proteins; they are denatured by heat and extracted or precipitated with chemical solvents like ethanol and by inorganic salts such as ammonium sulphate [2]. Coenzymes are also proteins that join with low molecular mass organics. Proteins are large, complex molecules that play a number of important tasks in the human body. They are responsible for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs and work in cells. They have the ability to perform a wide range of tasks. Apart from these functions, proteins can also act as biocatalysts and biomaterials. Some of the examples of protein function are Transport, Storage, Enzyme, Messenger Antibody Enzyme, Messenger and Structural Component. In several industrial processes, enzymes are gradually replacing the usage of harsh chemicals. They provide an economical and energy-efficient tool for
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