International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp: (37-44), Month: January - March 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
IMPROVING WIND TURBINE SPEED CONTROL USING PITCH and YAW ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUE Odeh Adehi Alex1, Innocent I. Eneh2, Nwogwu J. Kelechi3, Okechukwu Cletus4 1, 2, 3, 4
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract: This work presents the improvement of a wind turbine system using pitch and yaw adjustment controller. The aim is to optimize the performance of a traditional wind turbine system characterized with a PID controller to produce a better power quality output. This was achieved using the structural and mathematical design methods. The materials used for the development are the asynchronous motor, pitch and yaw adjustment adaptive controller, breakers, wind turbine, and condenser. The materials were designed using a process modelling technique which integrates the components using the wind turbine model, model of the controller, model of the motor, model of the turbine dynamics considering the coefficient of the turbine blade angle. The models were investigated using simulink, tested and compared with the conventional wind turbine. The results show that the adaptive controller was able to adjust the turbine to maximize wind extraction at 12ms, compared to the characterized turbine without adaptive controller at 47ms. The percentage improvement in the controller response performance is 25.5% achieved with the percentage difference between the conventional system response time and new system response time. Keywords: Wind turbine speed control, Pitch and Yaw, adjustment Technique, Adaptive controller, Turbine blade angle.
I. INTRODUCTION A wind turbine is a rotating / revolving machine that undergoes two energy conversion processes, the first process is to convert the kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy and the second process is to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy before it is been fed to the grid. The wind turbine consists of components that are saddled with the responsibility for these energy conversion processes they are rotor and the generator. The main driving force in a wind turbine system is wind speed, as we all know wind speed is not constant, there are days we experience high wind speed and there are days we experience low wind speed, on the days we experience high wind speed the turbine blades tends to rotate faster and it affects the output of the generator similarly on the days we experience low wind speed the turbine blades tend to rotate slowly and it affects the output of the generator as well. Hence there is need to incorporate a control mechanism to the system that will help to adapt, control and adjust the turbine blade angles to provide a prescribe speed for the turbine blades to rotate so as to deliver a stable generator output. To achieve control for the wind turbine system, the pitch and yaw adjustment technique was employed. This paper focuses on controlling a turbine by controlling the speed of the turbine blade by adjusting the turbine blade angle. Adjustment of the blade is also referred to as “Pitch adjustment” while control of the turbine rotation is known as “Yaw adjustment”. The aim of pitch control is to ensure that the blade is maintained at optimum angle to achieve certain rotor speeds or output power. Pitch adjustment can also be utilized to achieve stall and furl, which are the two methods of Pitch control. When the wind turbine is stalled the angle of attack is increased which causes the flat side of the blade to turn further into the wind while Furling on the other hand decreases the angle of attack, causing the edge of the blade to turn to the direction of the oncoming wind [1].
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