International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews
ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp: (14-18), Month: April - June 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
FLASH FLOOD ALERT SYSTEM 1
Saurabh Walde, 2Sonam Nikhar, 3Snehal Dighore, 4Shraddha Bhoyar, 5Yakub Sayyed Madhhukarrao Pandav College of Engineering, Bhandara, India Published Date: 16-May-2022
Abstract: Flash floods are typically associated with short, high-intensity rainstorms. As such, they are characterized by short response time and have the potential to severely impact and damage communities in different climatic settings all over the world. Despite their scientific and social importance, the fundamental processes triggering a flash-flood response are poorly understood. This contribution aims to provide a review of the hydrological mechanisms driving hillslope runoff response to intense rainfall and to characterize runoff response from selected extreme flash floods in Europe. The first part of the chapter provides general concepts regarding the hydrological mechanisms controlling catchment and hillslope runoff response to intense precipitation. Furthermore, we present an overview of scientific investigations carried out in different hydroclimatic settings to characterize the runoff-generation processes occurring under intense rain rates. In the second part of the chapter, we provide an analysis of the runoff properties of a number of extreme flash floods that occurred in Europe since 1994. More specifically, we examine the climatic settings of the flash floods considered, analyzing the distribution of event runoff coefficients and assessing the role of antecedent saturation conditions in controlling the magnitude of extreme flash floods. Keywords: Flash floods, high-intensity rainstorms, rainfall.
1. INTRODUCTION A flash flood is a flood that occurs in a short period of time after a high intensity rainfall event or a sudden massive snow melt. A sudden increase in the level and velocity of the water body is often characteristic of these events. Rising water levels in the river network can reach its peak within minutes to a few hours of the onset of the flood event, leaving an extremely short time for warning. They are localised phenomena that occur in watersheds with maximum response times of a few hours. Therefore, the majority of flash floods occur in streams and small river basins that have a catchment area of a few hundred square kilometres or less. A flash flood alert system is an hazardous weather statement issued by national weather forecasting agencies throughout the world to alert the public that a flash flood is imminent or occurring in the warned area and rural areas. A flash flood is a sudden, violent flood after a heavy rain, or occasionally after a dam break. Rainfall intensity and duration, topography, soil conditions, and ground cover contribute to flash flooding. That’s was the reason behind that made of this model. It is useful for People.
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