ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp: (44-54), Month: April - June 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
EXTENDED PHYLOGENY AND PATHOGENECITY OF E. COLI IN SCAVENGING LOCAL CHICKEN IN MOROGORO MUNICIPALITY Emmanuel Odartei Armah1*, Huruma Nelweki Tuntufye2 1. 2.
Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Water Research Institute, CSIR, Ghana.
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637969
Published Date: 13-June-2022
Abstract: The existence of genetic substructure in E. coli was revealed by Whittam and colleagues (1983) and was later confirmed by Chaudhuri and Henderson (2012). This research is the first to investigate the various phylogroups that exist among amongst APEC strains from scavenging local chicken in Morogoro region of Tanzania based on the modern quadruplex method. All eight phylo-groups were detected among the APEC strains in varying percentages. Among the APEC isolates, 63.2%, 68.4%, 78.9%, and 73.7% were found to belong to phylogroups D and B2, C and F respectively, whiles isolates in groups A, B1 and E were 15.8%,10.5% and 5.3% respectively. There was a strong simultaneous occurrence of several iron acquisition genes with of structural gene for microcin iss thus (iss/iuCD), outer membrane protein(ompA) thus (ompA/sitEp). Iron acquisition genes and serum resistance genes recorded significant (P<0.05) differences between APEC and non-APEC strains and can thereby be used as markers for APEC isolates identification. The toxin and invasion genes, astA and ibeA which are normally recorded in minimal percentages were found to be significant determinants of APEC in the study. Funding: This work was supported by the intra ACP mobility scheme Keywords: APEC, scavenging local chicken, revised phylo-grouping.
1. INTRODUCTION Escherichia coli are members of the natural microbiota of domestique animals, including chicken (Tenaillon et al., 2010). Although, these bacteria are usually harmless, but part of their population can become extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). ExPEC have a fecal origin and occur asymptomatically in the intestinal tract. They can also colonize extraintestinal niches and cause serious diseases (Starcˇicˇ et al., 2015). Pathogenic strains of E. coli have been divided into intestinal (diarrheagenic; DEC) and extra-intestinal (ExPEC) pathogenic E. coli. Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), a subdivision of ExPEC that produces a systemic disease in poultry and also could serve as a potential zoonotic hazard to humans (Dziva and Stevens, 2008). APEC does not only colonize the intestinal tract of the chicken but also has the ability to disseminate systemically either through intestinal or respiratory mucosa (Leitner and Heller, 1992). The implementation of PCR methods to screen and identify the common virulence genes and phylogroups between different isolates is very critical (Moriel et al., 2010). Virulence genes (VGs) which causes pathogenicity are usually encoded on pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids, and other mobile genetic elements, and hence can be transmitted via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between various E. coli strains (Köhler and Dobrindt 2011).
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