International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp: (129-138), Month: October 2021 - March 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Critical care nurses' knowledge about the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infection: A cross-sectional study Tahani Tariq Abo Solayman1, Rima S. AL Garni2, Yasser Elghoneimy3 1,2 1,2
Fundamentals of Nursing Department, College of Medicine
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: Intravascular catheters (CVC) are commonly used in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for multiple purposes. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) could be associated with using CVCs. Nurses can be educated and motivated to implement interventions that facilitate and improve patient outcomes. Certainly, noncompliance with the CLABSI bundle, can negatively impact patient outcomes. Only limited studies in Saudi Arabia have evaluated nurses' knowledge about current prevention guidelines for CLABSI. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2019 to determine the level of critical care nurses' knowledge of the CDC's guidelines for CLABSI prevention. Previously validated instrument was used to achieve the study objectives. Results: A total of 100 nurses participated in the study. The vast majority of them (94%) they heard about the CLABSI guidelines and 78% receive training for applying the CLABSI guidelines. Only 13% of the nurses had fully mastered the guidelines. Shortage of nurses and overwork was the main barrier to compliance to CLABSI guidelines. The overall knowledge score was 13.07 (±4.0) out of 20. There is a lack of knowledge CLABSI guidelines, since only 39% of nurses had a high score, whereas 43% had an average level of knowledge and 18% had a weak level. Conclusion: These findings indicate a potential risk for patient safety and highlights the need for providing continuous educational programmes to improve patients’ outcomes in the ICUs. Improvement of ICU nurses’ knowledge is greatly needed regarding the prevention guidelines for CLABSI. Keywords: Bloodstream infection; Central line; Knowledge; Nurses; Saudi Arabia.
I. INTRODUCTION Nosocomial infections are the main reason for morbidity and mortality among hospitalised patients. These infections affect about 5% to 15% of admitted patients and can lead to complications in 25% to 50% of those patients in ICUs [1]. It has been shown that intravascular lines are rated the most significant risk factor for the development of nosocomial infection [2]. The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is a system developed by the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to record Health Care Associated Infections (HAIs) in the United States [3]. This system can document these infections, help to find possible sources of infection and provide prevention strategies. NHSN established a specific definition for all infections in terms of epidemiologic surveillance, involving CLABSIs. Approximately half of ICU patients have CVCs, around 15 million central catheter days annually. In the United States, CLABSI has a higher mortality rate of approximately 18%, and its cost reaches $18,432 with an average length of stay of 12 days. A huge body of evidence shows that specific guidelines can help to achieve the goal of preventing CLABSI. On 1 January 2010, the Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals instructed hospitals to adhere to the evidence-based guidelines in practice to prevent CLABSI (Coral et al., 2016). A central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is defined by the CDC‟s NHSN as a primary bloodstream infection in a patient with a central venous catheter that
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