ISSN 2348-1196 (print) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp: (68-72), Month: April - June 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Artificial Intelligence and the Dilemma of Ethics Fahad Nasser Al-Khaldi Saudi Aramco, Information Technology, Saudi Arabia DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6572997
Published Date: 23-May-2022
Abstract: The article focused on the field of artificial intelligence including decision-making, and the concerns of ethical violations. It assessed the ethical concerns associated with various AI approaches and the steps that can be taken to address the challenge, identified that the major ethical concerns over AI adoption relate to individual privacy, unknown intentions of the AI developers (big corporations) and the possibility of inability to control future AI systems. The dilemma also exists especially in health care where ethics on non-disclosure of certain information seems to disagree with the need to disclose information that can be used for AI training for the benefit of the patients. Adherence to ethical standards during the development of AI is key in addressing ethical concerns. There is also a need for ethical governance and the need to ensure transparency while protecting the identifiable data. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, ethics, ethical consideration, dilemma, privacy, trust, standards, artificial ethical agent, ethical reasoning, ethical artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence safety, machine ethics, and Robot Rights.
1. INTRODUCTION Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a term that is used to refer to the computer systems that can execute tasks that ordinary requires human intellect such as learning and problem-solving instructions [1]. One of the AI systems is machine learning, which is capable of using data for image processing, independent recognition of patterns and predictions [2]. AI systems have become an essential part of mankind's daily life. Areas, where AI has been of immense importance to mankind, include in scheduling, the control process industrial, road safety and even for autonomous driving [3]. The use of AI has been associated with enhanced road safety [4], improved health care delivery [5], and improved efficiency and accuracy in various human activities [6]. Despite the importance of the AI to mankind, there have been fears over the misconceptions regarding the potential of the AI to be like or even exceed mankind [7]. There have been demonstrations against AI with some associating AI with decline attention to workers, reduced employment opportunities and over-dependence on machines [1]. The fast pace at which AI is outperforming humans in areas such as learning, emotion-sensing, and tacit judgment is causing concern over the potential negative effects on nations, workers, and society in general [1]. Understanding the concerns of the public over AI is important since such concerns inform the decision-making process that can hurt or enhance AI adoption and progress [8]. One of the major concerns over AI revolves around ethics [9]. In this article, the term ethics refers to the normative beliefs on how individuals should act toward one another. There are various dimensions of ethics with one being consequentialist ethics, which identify ethical acts as those that are executed upon the careful weighing of the consequences of the existing options and choosing one that has the most benefits and least harm [10]. Deontological ethics involves acting based on existing social norms while virtue ethics is where an individual act to be perceived favorably by others [10]. Major concerns have been raised concerning the morality of the AI systems that have superhuman abilities, which are feared for their existential risk to humans [1].). Ethical concerns over AI are also associated with the fact that the systems act the
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