International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews
ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp: (62-71), Month: October - December 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
A Survey on Detection and Imaging Techniques for UAVs using RADAR Mandar Meshram1, Abhinav Latpate1, Tanvi Gaikwad1, S. K. Patil1, Sumpurna De2, G. Yadav2, A Arockia Bazil Raj2 1
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Smt.Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Vadgaon Bk, Pune, India 411-041
2
RF Photonics Laboratory, Electronics Engineering, Defense Institute of Advance Technology, Pune, India 4110-025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7486577
Published Date: 27-December-2022
Abstract: In this work, we discuss about different types of radars. We also discuss the image processing part of the data received through these different types of radars. We will get an overall view of how radar function, what are its types, and imaging techniques. We look at the scattering mechanism of electro-magnetic waves which takes place after hitting the target. We also look at the band distribution on different waves. We derive some necessary equation for knowing the target better. We see some effective imaging techniques which are commonly used for both civilian and military purposes. Keywords: Classification, radar, continuous wave (CW), range, doppler effect, doppler frequency, SAR, ISAR, UAV.
I. INTRODUCTION The radar uses electro-magnetic waves to detect the targets. There are essentially three types of radars. Nowadays radars are used for civilian as well as military purposes. In military, they are used to detect targets within the specified range. With the continuous invention of now techniques and increasing accuracy and efficiency of the existing techniques, it is now very important that we understand how radar and its imaging techniques work and how they can be improved. Also, imaging techniques are being developed to get more accurate and suitable images of these radar systems. We also must take note of which technique is most suitable for the required use case [1-5]. The uses of radar in the modern world are incredibly varied, and include guided missile target locating systems, self-driving cars, ground-penetrating radar, air and terrestrial traffic control, radar astronomy, air defense systems, anti-missile systems, marine radars to locate landmarks and other ships, aircraft anti-collision systems, ocean surveillance systems, outer space surveillance and rendezvous systems, meteorological precipitation monitoring, altimetry and flight c13ontrol systems, and Digital signal processing, machine learning, and hightech radar systems are all used to extract valuable data from extremely high noise levels.
II. RADAR SYSTEM Radars can be categorized as being either ship-based, airborne, spaceborne, or ground-based. Depending up on the specific characteristics of radar, they can also be divided into a variety of categories, such as the frequency band, specific antenna type, and waveform employed. Continuous Wave (CW) radars are defined as systems that use continuous waveforms, whether modulated or not [6-10]. Radars can also be categorized according to how they are used, including for weather, tracking, warning, and a variety of other purposes [11-13]. The band distribution table is shown in table 1.
III. SCATTERING MECHANISM Once the electro-magnetic waves are transmitted by the radar, they hit the target which is in the range of that radar. After hitting the target, the electro-magnetic waves get scattered after which they are caught be the receiver in the radar system [14-16]. There are different types of scattering patterns after the waves hit the target such as double diffraction at sharp corners, diffraction from circular object, diffraction on edges, multiple reflections, specular (which is precise reflection that satisfy Snell’s Law) and surface waves(the surface of the body acts as a transmission line).
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