ISSN 2348-313X (Print) International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp: (21-25), Month: January - March 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
A STUDY OF ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA OF KELAVARAPALLI DAM, HOSUR, TAMIL NADU, INDIA *Veena SS, Ramachandra Mohan Muniyellappa Lake Management and Water Quality Research Unit Department of Zoology, Jnana Bharathi Campus Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560056, India. *Corresponding Author: veenasnarayan@gmail.com
Abstract: Water is the basic requirement for survival on earth and serves many functions to man. High dumping of organic and inorganic effluents into the aquatic system causes growth of numerous strains of microorganisms. This is a serious cause of threat to public health. Kelavarapalli dam, in Hosur Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu, provides water as a source of irrigation, industrialization and human consumption in the region. A study was therefore conducted during the period of 2016-18 to evaluate the microbiological ecology of the dam waters that was being used for many purposes. Evaluation of microbial pollution was done in terms of the total coliforms and fecal coliforms that habitat the water resource in the region. Our results indicated that water samples obtained from the dam were high in microbial and fecal contamination with high microbial load. Keywords: Pollution, Fecal coliform, Microbial contamination, Total coliform.
1. INTRODUCTION Water is an important natural resource. It harbors many phytoplankton and zooplankton species and finds application in many anthropogenic activities like drinking, cooking, fishing, bathing, sporting and agriculture. Unfortunately urbanization and industrialization have disturbed the natural aquatic resources of the earth (Chandra R.S. Singh, and Raj A, 2006). According to an international statistics, waterborne diseases affect almost 250 million people in the world every year with developing countries being at higher risk due to lack of proper sanitary facilities and infrastructure (Sharma C, 2017). Water is a natural solvent and could facilitate the transmission of many water-borne diseases as Cholera, E. coli infections, Dysentery, Typhoid, Vibrio illnesses or Hepatitis A and E infections (Chatterjee S.K, 2010; World Health Organization, 2018). Monitoring the quality of water that reaches consumption of both man and animal could help curb illnesses and strengthen world economics. Water that reaches human consumption should be clean, hygienic and devoid of bacterial, algal, protozoan, viral, helminthal, parasitic worms or fungal contamination (Bureau of Indian Standards, 2012). Identification of microbial indicators of contamination and deriving methodologies to contain their spread could help to sustain the natural aquatic resources of the earth (Krishnan et al, 2007). Water pollutants could be of many types such as organic, inorganic or biological in origin. Microorganism in water samples can be detected by employing certain microbiological markers that indicate water contamination (Mamun A and Zainudin Z, 2013). Total Coliforms (both fecal coliform/ E. coli) can be used as indicators of bacterial pathogens in water quality assessments for waterborne diseases (Prüss-Ustün A et al., 2014). Total coliform bacteria are found ubiquitously in the environment and their presence in drinking water reflects surface contamination mainly of environmental origin. Total coliform show negative respond to disinfection, such as chlorination or boiling of water. Fecal coliform bacteria are
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