International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp: (272-280), Month: April 2022 - September 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
A Review on Epidemiology of Monkeypox and Prevention in Thailand Chalida Sompolwattana Chulalongkorn University Demonstration Secondary school DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7043693
Published Date: 02-September-2022
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of study was to extend information prevention of monkeypox virus infection in Thailand. Background: Although monkeypox has been discovered and spread in particular areas, in 2022, monkeypox virus has immensely expanded to other continents and ultimately the global health crisis has occurred. Therefore, the monkeypox 2022 outbreak may negatively affect social contexts. To extend, there is the predisposition of increasing monkeypox infection cases and Thailand might encounter the monkeypox epidemic circumstance. Thus, this study endeavored to congregate monkeypox prevention may provide an initiative or idea regarding prevention in monkeypox outbreak for Thailand. Result: The research confirmed that there are 2 possible prevention methods to protect against infection including self-prevention and vaccination. 2 vaccines are recommended to use for prevention: JYNNEOS and ACAM2000. However, the conditions of JYNNEOS are that it is only recommended for people aged 18 or older with high risk, and must be vaccinated for 2 doses. Apart from that, ACAM2000, or smallpox vaccine, found no exact supporting evidence of effectiveness at current time. In extent, freeze-dry smallpox vaccines which were frozen for more than 4 decades are qualified to use in Thailand. Conclusions: Our data suggests that the JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 vaccines are able to be used, although the JYNNEOS vaccine may be prioritized first. Nonetheless, self-prevention might play a major role in coping with further monkeypox situations in Thailand. Keywords: monkeypox; 2022 monkeypox outbreak; monkeypox vaccination; monkeypox prevention; smallpox vaccination.
1. INTRODUCTION Monkeypox is a rare contagious zoonosis that presents symptoms similar to smallpox in the past. It is less contagious than smallpox and is regularly nonfatal. Nevertheless, monkeypox has emerged as the most important orthopoxvirus for public health due to eradication of smallpox in 1980 with subsequent smallpox vaccination termination [1] [2]. Monkeypox is caused by infection with the monkeypox virus (MPXV) with double-stranded DNA which is a subset of poxviruses. It belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae, same as variola virus that causes smallpox, vaccinia virus used in the smallpox vaccine, and cowpox virus [1] [2]. MPXV can be segregated into 2 species: West African clade, which causes fatality at 1% and Central African (Congo Basin) clade causing fatality at 10% [3], which means that Congo Basin MPXV is more severe than West African MPXV [4]. West African clade is the species that spread in the monkeypox 2022 outbreak. MPXV distributes by contact with infectious body fluid [5], intimate contact by inhaling, dermal lesions and scabs, or adulterate objects such as attires and bedcovers, which can transmit virus through individuals. Likewise, there is possibility of virus being spread by direct contact during sex activity. In other words, the virus does not pass on by casual contact [6].
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