International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews
ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp: (43-47), Month: April - June 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
A Review on Automatic Detection and Recognition of Hard Exudates in Color Retinal Fundus Images Rajesh I S1, Bharathi M A2, Bharathi M R3, Nazneen Kiresur4 1*
BMSIT & M, Bengaluru, Karnataka
2
BMSIT&M, Bengaluru, Karnataka 3
BEC, Bagalkot, Karnataka
4
Student REVA University, Karnataka
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6778796
Published Date: 29-June-2022
Abstract: Diabetes is a condition where glucose level in the body is high. It is one of the prominent causes of retinal diseases. The survey done by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2017 states that, as of now 425million people on the earth are experiencing diabetes and that India is the second biggest nation [1]. People with diabetes may experience retinal disease such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Diabetic Maculopathy (DM), etc. Knowing at the right time about these diseases and keeping the glucose level in the body properly helps in avoiding retinal diseases. DR is one of the retinal diseases found in diabetic patients which may lead to painless vision loss. Hard Exudates (HEs) are the accumulated fat formation in the retina leaked from damaged blood vessels of the retina and it is an early clinical sign of DR and DM. Thus, detection of HE at an early stage helps in preventing vision loss in patients. This survey paper gives a short presentation about the human eye, retina, diabetes and its complications. This paper also talks about the various methods/techniques that are used in automatic detection of hard exudates and the various issues involved in it. Keywords: Hard Exudates (HEs), Fovea, Macula, Optic Disk, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Diabetic Maculopathy (DM).
I. INTRODUCTION The human eye is a vital body part answerable for vision [2]. It is housed in the orbit, a bone socket that is protected from the outside world by the eyelids. The retina is a nerve layer that runs from the back of the eye to the front. It is made up of millions of photo receptors that translate light signals into electrical signals, which are then sent to the brain via the optic disc, where they are converted into images. These signals travel to the brain via optic disc where they turn into images [3]. Figure1 (a) shows the cross section of the eye, while that of the retina is shown in Figure1 (b).
(a)
(b) Figure1: (a) Cross Section of the Human Eye, (b) Human Retina
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