International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp: (153-160), Month: April 2022 - September 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
3D Bioprinting for Tissue and Organ Regeneration Chanya Techakraisri 1* 1
Materdei school, Phloen Chit, Lumphini, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand 10330 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.6866722
Published Date: 20-July-2022
Abstract: Organ implantation is a significant treatment for a number of end-stage organ disorders. But there are only a few donors accessible. Tissue and organ shortages may one day be eliminated thanks to the development of tissue biofabrication technologies. Cells and biomolecules are often placed into a scaffold with a porous structure to mimic the properties of extracellular matrix (ECM). It has been possible to engineer a number of tissue structures, including bone, skin, and cartilage, by using scaffold-based approaches. Rapid manufacturing, also known as additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D) printing, has the ability to totally eradicate these problems . The concept of 3D printing was improving in the early 1980s . Inspiring by recent advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 3D printing has been successfully used for tissue biofabrication. Bioprinting is the layerby-layer implantation of biological elements and living cells using computer-aided transfer techniques. This technique allows for the creation of tissue constructions with a variety of cell locations and vascular patterns that replicate the structural features of human tissues and organs. The three stages of 3D bioprinting are preprocessing, processing, and postprocessing. Inkjet, extrusion, laser, Tissue and Organ, Skin tissue, Cardiac Tissue , Microchannels , etc. are just a few examples of the various forms of 3D bioprinting. Keywords: 3D Bioprinting, organ regeneration, skin tissue, cardiac tissue.
I. INTRODUCTION One of the important medicaments for various end-stage organ diseases is Organ implantation [1]. However, there are limited donors available [2]. The development of tissue biofabrication technology will one day help resolve tissue and organ shortages [3]. In order to imitate the qualities of extracellular matrix (ECM), cells and biomolecules are typically seeded within a scaffold with a porous structure [4]. Engineering several tissue structures, like bone, skin, and cartilage, has been accomplished by using scaffold-based techniques [5, 6]. Nevertheless , these methods usually fail in reproducing the intricate structures of native tissues and are unable to arrange various cell types in the required places or in a systematic way [2, 7]. Rapid methodology or additive manufacturing, typically called to as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has the potential to completely abolish these issues [8]. Early in the 1980s, the idea of 3D printing was changing in the better way [9]. 3D printing has been effectively adopted for tissue biofabrication, with inspiration from current developments in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [10]. The layer-by-layer deposition of biological components and living cells utilizing computer-aided transfer methods is known as bioprinting [11]. This method is scalable, reproducible, and has a large throughput. It makes it possible to arrange several cell types in the required structure [11]. By using this method, it is possible to produce tissue constructs that mimic the structural characteristics of human tissues and organs while having diverse cell placements and vascular patterns [1]. Preprocessing, processing, and postprocessing are the three phases that are included in 3D bioprinting [12]. A component of preprocessing is the creation of a computer-aided design (CAD) of a target tissue or organ. Using medical imaging techniques like computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a blueprint of the tissues and organs can be created [13, 14]. The blueprint is then transformed into a heterogeneous model that describes the composition and distribution of materials and cells [15]. By breaking down the specific prototypes into a two-dimensional (2D) layers, the 3D structures are rebuilt [16]. The layer-by-layer precision deposition techniques used in the printing process allow for the concurrent deposition of cells and biomaterials [17]. The incubation of the printed
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