Issuu

AUSTRALIAN FORESTERS in PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1922-1975

PNGAF MAGAZINE ISSUE # 9B -5B4W2 of 2nd Sept. 2021 FOREST MANAGEMENT. Eminent TPNG Forester Ian Whyte

Ian Whyte 1946-20171

Editor R B McCarthy2 2021. 1 2

Ian Whyte Eminent TPNG Forester 1968- 1979 Dick McCarthy District Forester TPNG Forests 1963-1975.

OVERVIEW AUSTRALIAN TPNG FORESTRY CADETSHIP SCHEME3 1948 to 1963 After the Second World War, a cadetship scheme was undertaken by the Australian Department of Territories to train Australian Forest Scientists to ensure sufficient professional staff for the purposes of creating a functional Forest Department for TPNG

Surname

Positions

Edward Charles Gordon Gray (NG) Alexander John Hart (NG) Donald Henry McIntosh (NG5) Kevin Joseph White (Q) Robin Levingston (NSW) Jaroslav Joseph Havel (WA)6 Robin Bilbrough Morwood (NG) Frank Harry Coppock (NG) Elliot Carby Tuckwell (NG) John Godlee (NG)7 Ian Grundy (NG) Eric Hammermaster (Q/NG) Des Harries (NG) Gerry Vickers (NG) Alan Cameron (Q)8 John Smith (NG) Brian O’Hagen (NG) Neil Brightwell (C/NSW/NG) Alan White (NG) Leon Clifford (NSW)9 Evan Shield (NG)

TPNG Cadetship 1948 1946 1946 Qld 1953 1952 1953 1953 1954 1955 1955 1955 1955 1956 1956 1956 1960 1960 1958 1958

AFS 1950/51 1950/51 1950/51 1950/51 1952/53 1953/54 1955/56 1956/57 1956/57 1957/58 1958/59 1958/59 1958/59 1958/59 1959/60 1959/60 1959/60 1960/61 1960/61 1961/62 1961/62

Year grad 1952 1952 1952 1952 1954 1955 1957 1958 1958 1959 1960 1960 1960 1960 1961 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963

The appointments of Australian TPNG Forestry Cadets were summarized in LT Carron’s book in 2000 titled “A brief history of the Australian Forestry School (AFS)”. 4 Cadet Forest Officer pamphlet courtesy Des Harries TPNG Forests 1955-1976. 5 Don McIntosh Third Director of Forests PNG. TPNG Forests 1946-1973. 6 Joe Havel First Principal Bulolo Forestry College. TPNG Forests 1953-1965. 7 John Godlee fourth Principal Bulolo Forestry College. TPNG Forests 1955-1980. 8 Alan Cameron Schlich medal 1960. TPNG Forests 1956-1970. 9 Leon Clifford Second Principal Bulolo Forestry College. TPNG Forests 1958-1975. 3

John Lake (NG) 1962/63 Ian Currie (NG) 1963/64 John Harrison (NG) Medi vac out Last Field 1961 1964/65 Chris Borough (NG) Field year Year for 1960 1964/65 Bob Bruce (NG) no field year Cadetships. 1961 1964/65 Rex Grattidge (NG) no field year 1961 1964/65 10 John Davidson (NG) 1962 1965/66 Paul Ryan (NG) 1962 1965/66 Rod Holesgrove (NG) 1963 1965/66 Jim Belford (C) 1966 1966/67 Dick McCarthy (NG) 1963 1966/67 Dave Num (C) 1965 1966/67 R G Lyons (NG) 1965 1966/67 Gary Archer (NG) 1966 1967/68 Chris Done (NG) 1966 1967/68 Ken Hart (NG) 1963 1967/68 Ian Whyte (C) 1966 1967/68 Footnotes TPNG - Territory of Papua New Guinea, NG - New Guinea, Q – Queensland, WA – Western Australia, NSW - New South Wales, C – Commonwealth, AFS - Australian Forestry School, BFC - Bulolo Forestry College.

1964 1965 1966 1966 1966 1966 1967 1967 1967 1968 1968 1968 1968 1969 1969 1969 1969

Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag, but not to be used to exasperate generations of foresters. Wikipedia Instrument family: Aerophone Place of origin: Middle East Related instrument: Great Highland bagpipe

John Davidson Schlich Medal 1966; First Forestry Professor UNITECH. TPNG Forests 1962-1980.

Life before PNG Ian was born in Sydney in 1946. His London Missionary Society missionary parents, Frank and Nina Whyte were on furlough from their posting in Bengal, India. Ian is the second of four surviving boys. His other brothers - Gordon in 1943, David in 1947 and Robert in 1950 were all born in India. Ian spent his first thirteen years in what became West Bengal after partition of the country into India and Pakistan in 1947. From 1951 with his mother and brothers, they lived much of each year in Darjeeling, in the foothills of the Himalayas north of Calcutta. They attended the Mt Hermon School – first as day scholars and then as boarders. In 1959 they left India and settled in Sydney. During the period 1959 to 1965, much to the dismay of Ian’s forestry colleagues “he learnt to play the bagpipes” with the Haberfield Boys Brigade Company and then for a few years with Sydney Highland Society Pipe Band. His musical ability was recognised even then by the Liberal Government of the day as he was not called up to play in the National Service Army bands and even the PNG Pacific Islands Regiment with its pipe band did not request or require his services. His playing was consigned to the forests during his working career as recollected by some of the many forestry witnesses. Les and Kathy Saurine NSW Forestry Commission recalling 1967 at AFS of ANU. “I liked Ian a lot ...but man I will not miss his bagpipes. Did he tell you about the night at the old nurses’ quarters when he started playing about 2 in the morning.... we tried to stab his pipes, but he was much quicker than us, and more sober...as always. He disappeared into the night...we never saw the bagpipes again.” Jim Belford Department of Forests PNG and CEO of PNG Forest Industries Association recalling the Vanimo Timber area survey in 1970: “Sad news … well I remember the sound of the bagpipes up at Ossima and in the bush. A gentle bloke and deep thinker. Rest well old mate”. Dave Num Department of Forests PNG and Australian Federal Public Service: “He was a good mate in PNG, best man at our wedding. As I think of him now, I remember him playing the bagpipes on Christmas Eve to his Sue at his home in Boroko.” Ian commenced forestry university studies in 1963 at Sydney University. However, as an early reflection of the technical competence of Ian, he stayed on at Sydney University to complete his BSc in Botany (with honours) in 1965 before proceeding to complete his BSc in Forestry at The Australian National University in 1968. (Ian was probably one of the few Australian foresters who could describe in botanical detail any plant species rather than simply its commercial aspects).

Life in PNG Ian joined the Department of Forests in PNG in 1968.

L to R. Photo 1. Ian Whyte and planting gang. Photo 2. Japanese snail and friend. Photo 3. Planting teak with anti-snail collar. Photo credit Ian Whyte. Kerevat Plantations 1968.

L to R. Photo 1. Bob Wills11 with 6-7-month-old Kamarere Kerevat 1968. Photo 2 & 3. Kamarere plantations 1968. Photo credit Ian Whyte Kerevat Plantations 1968.

L to R. Photo 1. Kamarere plantation. Photo 2. Rev John Mudge and remains of haus car after felling of tree. Photo credit Ian Whyte Kerevat Plantations 1968.

Chris Borough personal communication 11 May 2020. Bob Wills and his brother Bernard came from England in 1967 and were appointed as technical assistants. 11

12Robert

(Bob) Wills CSIRO Durability trials Kerevat 1968. Photo credit Ian Whyte.

Peter Eddowes advised that the graveyard work at Kerevat and at Brown River (wooden stakes 50x50mm), to assess 'natural' (in-ground) durability, was undertaken in conjunction with CSIRO and the Division of Utilisation (DOF). Barry Hartwell (Div. Utilisation) did most of the preparatory leg work with inputs from Peter. They started off keeping the grass under control with 'serif-wielding' locals. However, they had to end up getting a motor mower as the bois and the 'serifs' were starting to cause too much damage to the wooden stakes. The areas also had to be fenced off to keep out the village dogs and pigs. The results of these field trials as recorded, over a period of a couple of years, were then compared to/with the CSIRO accelerated Laboratory trials at DFP in Melbourne. Des Harries advised re the “Graveyard” trials. Des recalls it was a CSIRO Div. of Forest Products exercise, probably in the domain of Norm Tamblin. There was one established at Kerevat in the early 1960’s - along the Calaboose Road. Des had the job of putting an elephant proof fence around it. 14

Chris Borough personal communication 11th May 2020 Robert Wills and his brother Bernard came from England in 1967. They were appointed technical assistants. He rescued Bernard from drowning at Reiven -surf beach Gazelle Peninsular 1967 13 Peter Eddowes personal communication 12 May 2020 14 Des Harries personal communication 11 May 2020 12

L to R. Photo 1. Rabaul Harbour and airstrip from Matupit crater. Photo 2. Rabaul Harbour from Malamaluan Hill. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1968.

Matupit Volcano. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1968.

Rabaul Airstrip “all bugger up” due volcanic explosion in 1994. Photo credit Dick McCarthy 1994. Ian undertook many forest inventory surveys during the early 1970’s from Tonelli Harbour Bougainville to Vanimo at the top of PNG. Yet another pioneering technical work was the first detailed forest inventory of the Bulolo Hoop pine plantations. Paul Ryan Department of Forests PNG and World Bank Forester: “I remember Ian from our days in PNG, particularly some of those forest inventory surveys; a very competent, intelligent and keen forester.” Chris Done Department of Forests PNG and Western Australia Forest Department Kimberley Region: “Sad news indeed about old mate Ian. Please pass on Pip and my condolences. Cannot forget Ian’s early evening bagpipe performances on the Gogol River Bridge during the assessment of that area in about 1970.”

L to R. Photo 1. Gogol Survey 1970 2 helicopters and Gogol bridge. Photo 2. Survey Camp on the Gogol River. Photo 3 Gogol Bush camp. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1970.

L to R. Photo 1. Vanimo Survey 1970. Islander Ossima Airstrip. Photo 2. Haus Kiap Ossima. Photo 3. Landscape Block 6 Vanimo TA. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1970.

Pual River Helicopter pad 1970. Photo Credit Ian Whyte.

Series of photos showing Madang Township 1972. Photo credit Ian Whyte.

Celebration National Day Madang 1972. Photo credit Ian Whyte. In 1973, Ian was transferred to Madang PNG. Ian’s pioneering work there in developing the Gogol Timber area in terms of a working landowner resource model still functions today (some 45 years later) and is recognised internationally. His work involved taking the area from one of natural forest resource to one of plantation resource through detailed land use 9

and genealogy studies whereby the traditional landowners allowed their lands to be utilised both for plantation development together with traditional areas being reserved as natural habitat encompassed within a framework of marketing agreements for any ensuing plantation produce. This timber area with its landowner agreements together with its wood chip and sawmills is still operating today.

Mosaic of plantations on traditional lands in Gogol Timber Area. 2005. Photo credit Dick McCarthy.

JANT 2005 wood chip mill, chip pile and sawmill. Photo credit Dick McCarthy.

Madang Gogol Rd 1972. Photo credit Ian Whyte.

L to R. Photo 1. Baku Forest Station 1972. Photo 2. 2.5-year-old E deglupta Baku Forest Station 1974. Photo Credit Ian Whyte.

L to R. Photo 1. One year-old E deglupta Baku Forest Station 1971. Photo 2. Dave Lamb fording Gogol River 1973. Photo credit Ian Whyte.

WW 2 Bomber NW Gogol in Gogol TA. 1972/ Photo credit Ian Whyte.

John Davidson (RAAF historian) provided the following information re the above wreck. It is a Douglas A-200G-DO Havoc. Below is an RAAF photograph of the wreck taken not long after it force-landed. The aircraft with wheels up remained intact and the crew of three survived and escaped through the open hatches (two hatches - pilot and navigator from the long front hatch, and gunner from the hatch behind the gun turret). It was a Douglas A-20G-20-DO Havoc serial 42-86786 of the US 312th Bomb Group, 388th Bomb Squadron with nose art “The Hell’n Pelican II” that was forced down due to bad weather on 16 April 1944 during a raid mounted from Nadzab to Japanese targets in Hollandia (now Jayapura in the Indonesian Province of Papua). It was one of 37 USAAF aircraft lost or crashed that one Sunday afternoon during a severe New Guinea weather front as they tried to return from Hollandia to Nadzab. None was lost to enemy action during the raid! The story has been told only relatively recently in a book “Black Sunday” (Michael Claringbould 2000).

John Davidson personal communication re history of the bomber 11 May 2020

Though not an RAAF aircraft, Douglas A20-G Havoc 42-86786 was among several wrecks recovered from PNG in 1984 and restored at RAAF Amberly, Queensland. Although owned by PNG (by agreement reached to allow its recovery, and eventually to be returned to PNG) it is currently on display at the RAAF Amberly Aviation Heritage Centre.

Douglas Havoc 4286786 was separated into manageable parts (engines, horizontal tailplanes, outer wing panels, nose) and lifted out in several flights by RAAF Chinook A15-005 on 1 October 1984. This The restoration was the final lift of the was completed instripped remaining 1996. This is the section. fuselage restored aircraft at (Photograph RAAF) the RAAF Amberly

Aviation Heritage Centre. (Photograph RAAF)

Dambis Kaip Manager – Policy and Aid Coordination Branch Papua New Guinea Forest Authority responding To Bob Tate CEO PNG Forest Industries Association re INW Papua New Guinea Forest Authority NATIONAL FOREST SERVICE

P .O Box 5055, BOROKO 111, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea Telephone: (675) 327 7846 F acsimile: (675) 325 4433 Website: www.forestry.gov.pg

Bob, It is indeed sad to note that someone who contributed significantly towards forestry in PNG has died. He worked here and left PNG before my time, so I have not had the opportunity to work with him, however I did meet with him in Goroka, I think in 2001, at the NSI during the Association of Foresters Seminar where Ian was the Keynote Speaker. I found him to be a good person. The contribution of Ian and other early foresters in PNG are even evident today and we are grateful for that. Whilst in Madang, Ian met teacher Sue Donnelly. They were married in Tasmania in 1974 and then moved to Port Moresby.

Mt Wilhelm. Ian and Sue Whyte 1973. Photo credit Ian Whyte. Ian undertook several land use studies from 1974 across several large-scale timber areas in PNG for future plantation development.

Vanimo Timber Area Land Use Studies.

L to R. Photo 1. Block Six Vanimo Landscape 1974. Photo 2. Natural kamarere Puwani River 1974. Photo Credit Ian Whyte.

L to R. Photo 1. PNG-West Irian Border (Wutung). Photo 2. Debon Logo at border. Photo Credit Ian Whyte.

Border Cape and Djayapura in the distance. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974.

L to R. Photo 1. Muyeng Basengke. Debon Logo, Tori Vanimo 1974. Photo 2. Stilt roots. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974.

L to R. Photo 1. Bush work Vanimo. Photo 2. Vanimo Landscape. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974. 15

Open Bay Timber Area Land Use Studies.

L to R. Photo 1. Ian Whyte Sai River 1974. Photo 2. Dave Lamb Sai River 1974 Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974.

L to R. Photo 1. Muyeng Basengke, Debon Logo, Andrew Yauieb, Ben Evara Sai River. Photo 2. Open Bay transport ENB. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974.

L to R. Photo 1. Main logging road Open Bay. Photo 2. Logging coupe. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974.

. L to R. Photo 1. Landscape Open Bay. Photo 2. Post logging natural regeneration. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974. 16

Well drained rainforest Open Bay. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1974. SAGARAI GADAISU

L to R Photo 1. Mariawatte Plantation 1976. Photo 2. Emergent eucalypts in savannah regeneration 1976. Photo Credit Ian Whyte.

L to R. Photo 1. Albizzia in hill forest Wegulani River. Photo 2. Rainforest savannah mix. Photo 3. Three large erima in riverine forest in Sagarai Gadaisu TA. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1976.

In 1976, Ian and Sue moved to Bulolo. Ian lectured in forest management at the PNG Forestry College.

Bulolo airstrip and the “su sus” in background 1979. Photo Credit Ian Whyte. BULOLO WAU

L to R. Photo 1. Bulolo Forestry College Lecturers’ House. Photo 2. Mumeng Forest Station with Bulolo Forestry Students 1977. Photo Credit Ian Whyte.

L to R. Photo 1. Bulolo airstrip built on dredging rockpiles. Photo 2. Steep Wau Airstrip. Photo credit Ian Whyte 1976.

L to R. Photo 1. McAdam Park Wau 1976. Photo 2 Kaindi Gorge Wau 1978. Photo 3 Mumeng Extension Nursery 1977. Photo 4. Hubert Murray planting a Pinus seedling. Photo credit Ian Whyte. 18

Bulolo Valley 1970 looking from Forest Station across CNGT mill 1976. Photo Credit Ian Whyte. Dr Bob Thistlethwaite, Director of Plantation Research Department of Forests PNG, Northern Territory Conservation Commission, AUSAID and Queensland Forestry: “Would you please convey my sympathy for Ian’s death? I had not actually seen him personally since our PNG days when the forest survey group reigned including Kevin White, Alan White, Ian Wythes with one Dick McCarthy and Dave Num in the mapping block. But of course, I read of his forestry endeavours and Tamar tribulations.” In 1979, Ian and Sue left PNG and globe trotted through India and Europe before settling in Tasmania.

Final Pack up Bulolo 1979. Photo credit Ian Whyte. 19

Life after PNG Ian joined North Forest Products. (Formerly APPM) in 1980. In 1990 Ian’s work took him to Hobart. During this period, Ian’s technical and managerial expertise in the business of forestry was demonstrated. Ian’s responsibilities covered from managing the large wood chip complex at Launceston to overseeing NFP’s forest research activities, its plantation developments and public forestry interface. At the same time, he represented NFP’s many international investigations and appraisals of possible global forestry developments. Brian Hodgson Tasmanian Forestry: “Many thanks for the courtesy of letting me know of Ian’s passing. I worked closely, as a District Forester, with him when he was in APPM and later with FIAT”. In 1996, Ian left NFP. He became the CEO of the Tasmanian Forest Industries Association. Don Frankcombe Tasmanian Forestry: “I had a lot to do with Ian in his role with APPM and later while he was CEO of TFIA. He was a great guy to know and enjoyed lowering the tension of any official occasion. I recall on one occasion we were standing around waiting to be introduced to the Premier and he came up to me and whispered, "Don't look now but your fly is undone.” Please convey to his family my sincere sympathy for their loss.” Humphrey Elliot Tasmanian Forest Commission: “My main interactions with Ian were on technical matters. However, I was extremely impressed with Ian's ability to interact in a calm and rational manner with all parties, including some difficult characters! “ Hans Drielsma Tasmanian Forest Commission, and now Chair Australian Forest Industries Standard Ltd: “I was sad to hear of Ian’s passing. I worked closely with Ian during his time as CEO of FIAT. He played a central role in several important Tasmanian, and national processes and institutions. He served with me on the Boards/Councils of the CRC for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Tasmanian Forest Education Foundation, Tasmanian Forest and Forest Industries Council, and Forest Practices Advisory Council. He was a significant participant in the negotiation of the Tasmanian Regional Forest Agreement. He subsequently served on the Board of the Forest Practices Authority and worked as a consultant on forestry and land-use issues for the Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association. Ian was always a cheerful and co-operative actor in all these fora. He was a tireless advocate for his members, but always ready and able to find reasonable solutions to difficult problems. He often used to tell me that leading industry associations was like being tied to your members with an elastic band. You could stretch the line with your members, and pull them 20

along, but if you ever stretched it too far you would be snapped back with potentially severe effect. Ian worked creatively within this reality and produced good outcomes for his members and for forestry in Tasmania. Ian had a disturbing, (and at times somewhat annoying!), sense of humour, and could conjure up the ridiculous in just about any situation. I sometimes wondered where he got this from…. until I met his father! The two of them together was almost unbearable! This sense of humour served him well in many otherwise tense negotiations. Ian was also very well read in world history, and kindled in me, narrowly educated in maths, science and forestry, an interest in a much wider historical literature. I lost contact with Ian in recent years, and with his move to Melbourne, however I will always recall with fondness the close association we had over those past years in Tasmania.” In 2002, Ian moved to a policy position with the Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association. Here his opinions were keenly sought after. Since 2008, Ian has been effectively retired although he continued to undertake tasks for TFGA and was on the board of the Tasmanian Forestry Regulatory Authority. Stephen Midgley Salwood Northern Laos: “This is sad news. Ian was a very sincere bloke.” Dennis Mutton South Australian Forestry: “Thank you for letting me know, sad news and my thoughts go out to family and close friends on his passing.” Ian is survived by his son Andrew, daughter Sally and grandchildren. Ian’s wife Sue passed away recently. Prepared by Dick McCarthy 16

16 Source Obituary IFA publication The Forester

December 2017 www.forestry.org.au. Prepared by Dick McCarthy. (We both started at Sydney University together and our careers throughout Asia Pacific have followed many parallels over the years).

Short Bibliography NAME DATE JOINED FORESTS PNG OCCUPATION LOCALITIES OF WORK DEPARTURE PNG LIFE AFTER PNG

Ian Whyte 1946-2017 1968 Forest officer Throughout PNG 1979 1980 North Forest Products (formerly APPM) 1996 CEO Tasmanian Forest Industries Association 2002 Tasmanian Farmers and graziers Association 2008 Retirement

ACRONYMS AAD ACT ACIAR ACLMP AEC AFS AFPNG AIF AMF ANBG ANGAU ANU APMF APPM ASIO ASOPA AusAID BA BCOF “Beer Time” BFC BGD BUC C cm CALM CFA CNGT CRE CRE

CSIRO CHAH DASF DBH/ dbh DEPT DPI DOF e.g. Etc FAO F &TB FIM FMA FPRC

Australian Antarctic Division Australian Capital Territory Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research AusAid funded World Bank Land Mobilisation program. Administrators Executive Committee Australian Forestry School Association of Foresters of PNG Australian Infantry Forces Australian Military Forces Australian National Botanical Gardens Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit Australian National University Australian Paper Manufacturers Forestry Pty Ltd Australia Paper and Pulp Manufacturers Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Australian School of Pacific Administration Australian Aid Agency basal area British Commonwealth Occupational Force 1945-52 Any time. Bulolo Forestry College Bulolo Gold Dredging Company Bulolo University College Commonwealth Centimetre Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management Commonwealth Forestry Association Commonwealth New Guinea Timbers Bulolo Commander Royal Engineers CRE is a term inherited by RAE from RE and is the term for the Commanding Officer of a RAE unit which is headed by a Lt Col. Although the officer is called the CRE the name is also used for the name of his unit. E.g., CRE Aust Forestry Group or 1(NG Forests). Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria Dept of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries Diameter at breast height Department Department of Primary Industry Department of Forests For example et cetera (more of the same) Food and Agriculture Organisation Forest and Timber Bureau Canberra Forest Information System Forest Management Agreement Forest Products Research Centre Hohola 23

FRG FRI Forkol GAB Gbhob Gubab GIS ha IBRD IFA IFY ITTC ITTO JICA L of N LRRS m3 MCCAF MHA MM NAA NARI NB NDS NFCAP NGM no. NG NGF NGIB NGI NGO NGVR NZ NSW NTSC OIC OISCA P or p PIB PIR PNG PNGAA PNGAF PNGFA PNGFIA PNGRIS PNGUT POM

Forest Red Gum Forest Research Institute Lae Bulolo Forestry College Girth above buttress Girth breast height over bark Girth under bark above buttress Geographic Information Systems Hectare International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Institute of Foresters of Australia International Year of the Forest International Tropical Timber Council International Tropical Timber Organization Japanese International Cooperation Agency League of Nations Land Resource Soils Survey (branch of CSIRO) cubic metre McCarthy & Associates (Forestry) Pty. Ltd. Member of House of Assembly PNG Military Medal National Archives Australia National Agriculture Research Institute New Britain Northern District Sawmills PNG National Forestry and Conservation Action Plan New Guinea Mainland Number New Guinea New Guinea Forces (relates to plant collection of Lae Herbarium) New Guinea Infantry Battalion New Guinea Islands Non-Government Organisation New Guinea Volunteer Rifles New Zealand New South Wales National Tree Seed Centre PNG Bulolo Officer in Charge Organisation for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement International Japan. page Papuan Infantry Battalion Pacific Islands Regiment Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Australia Association Papua New Guinea Australian Foresters Magazine Series Papua New Guinea Forest Authority PNG Forest Industries Association Papua New Guinea Resource Information System PNG University of Technology Port Moresby 24

Q QF RAE RPC RRA SFM SP TAG UK UN Unasylva UNE UNEP UNI UNITECH UNRE UPNG UQ US USA TPNG TUBL TA TA TRP Vol VSF WA WB

Queensland Queensland Forestry Royal Australian Engineers/Australian Army Royal Papuan Constabulary Rapid Resource Appraisal Sustainable Forest Management South Pacific Trade Advisory Group of ITTO United Kingdom United Nations Journal of FAO of UN University of New England Armidale NSW United Nations Environment Program University University of Technology Lae PNG University of Natural Resources and Environment University of Papua New Guinea University of Queensland United States United States of America Territory of Papua and New Guinea Territory United Brewery Ltd Timber Area Timber Authority Timber Rights Purchase volume Victorian School of Forestry Western Australia World Bank