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Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 6th Edition Sherer Test Bank

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Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 6th Edition

Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Some consequences of ionization in human cells include: 1. creation of unstable atoms 2. production of free electrons 3. creation of reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell A.

1 only

2 only

3 only

1, 2, and 3

ANS:

REF:

2. When natural sources of ionizing radiation become increased because of accidental or deliberate human actions such as mining, they are referred to as _____ sources. A.

artificial

enhanced natural

extraterrestrial

manmade

ANS:

REF:

3. Electromagnetic radiation can travel through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy. This dual nature is referred to as: A.

wave attenuation capability

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wave-particle interchange ability

wave-particle duality

wave-particle phenomena

ANS:

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4. Which of the following statements concerning the 1979 nuclear reactor accident at TMI-2 is not true? A.

Excess cancer deaths have been predicted to occur in the 2 million people living within 50 miles of the plant at the time of the accident.

Excess cancer deaths have not been predicted to occur in the 2 million people living within 50 miles of the plant at the time of the accident.

The equivalent dose (EqD) received by 2 million people living in the vicinity of the nuclear reactor at the time of the accident was 0.02 mSv (2 mrem).

No melt-through of the reactor vessel occurred during the accident.

ANS:

REF:

5. Which of the following is a special form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of the material with which it interacts? A.

Ionizing radiation

Nonionizing radiation

Subatomic radiation

Ultrasonic radiation

ANS:

REF:

6. Patients who have an understanding of the medical benefits of an imaging procedure because they received factual information about the study before having the examination are more likely to: A.

assume a small risk of biologic damage but not overcome any radiation phobia they may have

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cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small risk of biologic damage

overcome any radiation phobia but not be willing to assume a small risk of possible biologic damage

overcome any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small risk of possible biologic damage

ANS:

REF:

7. Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources? A.

Long-lived radioactive elements, such as uranium-238, radium-226, and thorium-232 that are present in variable quantities in the crust of the earth

Radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests in which detonation occurred above ground

The sun and other stars

Video display terminals and television receivers

ANS:

REF:

8. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), radon levels in homes should not exceed what level? A.

200 pCi/L

135 pCi/L

47 pCi/L

4 pCi/L

ANS:

REF:

9. Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms? A.

Solar and manmade

Artificial and galactic

Natural background and artificial

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Solar and galactic

ANS:

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10. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) presently considers the risk of radiation exposure to the U.S. population from color television monitors to be: A.

substantial

moderate

very slight

negligible

ANS:

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11. Through which of the following routes can radon enter houses? 1. Crawl spaces under living areas 2. Floor drains and sump pumps 3. Porous cement block foundations A.

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3

ANS:

REF:

12. Acute melting of the uranium dioxide fuel of a nuclear reactor core requires how great a temperature? A.

Less than 500 F

At least 1000 F

2000 F

Greater than 5000 F

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ANS:

REF:

24. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of soft tissue is: A.

13.8

7.4

5.9

ANS:

REF:

25. Who discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895? A.

Thomas A. Edison

Clarence Madison Dally

Louis Harold Gray

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

ANS:

REF:

Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 6th Edition

Chapter 04: Radiation Monitoring

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The metal filters contained in a film badge are generally composed of which of the following materials? A.

Aluminum or copper

Aluminum or lead

Zinc or copper

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Lead or zinc

ANS:

REF:

2. What is the maximum period of time that a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) may be worn as a personnel dosimeter? A.

1 hour

1 week

1 month

3 months

ANS:

REF:

3. What do film badges, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters, pocket ionization chambers, and TLDs have in common? A.

These devices are all used for area monitoring.

These devices all use the same sensing material to detect ionizing radiation.

These devices are all used for personnel monitoring.

Each of these devices can only be used for personnel monitoring for a maximum of 6 months.

ANS:

REF:

4. Which of the following instruments is called a cutie pie? A.

Geiger-Muller detector

Ionization chamber-type survey meter

OSL dosimeter

Proportional counter

ANS:

REF:

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5. Which of the following instruments generally has a check source of a weak, long-lived radioisotope located on one side of its external surface to verify its constancy daily? A.

Pocket dosimeter

Proportional counter

Geiger-Muller detector

Ionization chamber-type survey meter

ANS:

REF:

6. Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector? A.

Film badge

OSL dosimeter

Pocket ionization chamber

TLD

ANS:

REF:

7. When the sensing crystals contained in the TLD are exposed to ionizing radiation, which of the following occurs? A.

The protons in the crystalline lattice structure of the lithium fluoride (LiF) molecule absorb energy and are excited to a higher energy level or band.

The neutrons in the crystalline lattice structure of the LiF molecule absorb energy and are excited to a higher energy level or band.

Some of the electrons in the crystalline lattice structure of the LiF molecule absorb energy are excited to a higher energy level or band.

The electrons freed from the LiF molecule are trapped at a lower energy level or band.

ANS:

REF:

8. In diagnostic imaging, the _____ sensitivity of the OSL dosimeter makes it ideal for monitoring employees working in low-radiation environments and for pregnant workers. A.

decreased

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increased

lack of

unaffected

ANS:

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9. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of LiF is equal to: A.

5.9

6.4

7.0

8.2

ANS:

REF:

10. Which of the following items is not a basic component of the film badge dosimeter? A.

Radiographic film packet

Durable plastic film holder

Charged electrodes

Assortment of metal filters

ANS:

REF:

11. Which of the following personnel dosimeters resembles an ordinary fountain pen externally? A.

Film badge

OSL dosimeter

Pocket ionization chamber

TLD

ANS:

REF:

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19. Attempts have been made to measure chromosome aberrations after diagnostic x-ray imaging procedures: A.

and these studies have been very successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred

but successful results have not been achieved in these studies

but these studies have only been moderately successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred

but these studies have only been minimally successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred

ANS:

REF:

154

20. Studies of radiation therapy patients who received orthovoltage radiation therapy treatments provide _____ evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure. A.

minimal

a moderate amount of

significant

ANS:

REF:

150

21. Moist and dry desquamation can be caused by: A.

high radiation doses

low radiation doses

radiation doses received during routine diagnostic imaging procedures

radiation doses received during routine mammography

ANS:

REF:

150

22. Which of the following is the reason why the ovaries should be shielded whenever possible during all imaging procedures? A.

Gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage that can be passed on to future generations.

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Gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage but it cannot be passed on to future generations.

Gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in genetic mutations that can be passed on to future generations.

There is no valid reason why the ovaries should be shielded whenever possible during all imaging procedures.

ANS:

REF:

152

23. A decrease in the number of neutrophils can be caused by a radiation dose of _____ Gy (_____ rad). A.

0.1; 10

0.2; 20

0.3; 30

0.5; 50

ANS:

REF:

153

24. Grenz rays were once used to treat and cure: A.

acute radiation syndrome

cancer

lupus disease

skin diseases, such as ringworm

ANS:

REF:

150

25. During the major response stages of acute radiation syndrome after the initial stage, the period when symptoms that affect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular systems become visible is called: A.

latent period

manifest illness

prodromal syndrome

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recovery

ANS:

REF:

142

Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 6th Edition

Chapter 08: Late Radiation Effects on Organ Systems

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Radiation-induced cataracts in humans follow a __________ dose-response relationship. A.

nonlinear, nonthreshold

linear, nonthreshold

linear, threshold

nonlinear, threshold

ANS:

REF:

174

2. Studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors demonstrate that the incidence of leukemia has _________ since the late 1940s and early 1950s and the incidence of solid tumors has continued to __________ since the late 1950s and early 1960s. A.

slowly declined, escalate

increased rapidly, decrease

increased slowly, decrease

rapidly declined, decrease

ANS:

REF:

169

3. For an accurate estimate of the number of radiation-induced leukemias and other malignancies that may occur in some of the 135,000 evacuees from the 1986 nuclear power station accident in Chernobyl, Ukraine, the exposed population must: richard@qwconsultancy.com

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not be permitted to receive any additional medical radiation exposure for at least 20 years from the date of the accident

not be permitted to intermingle with the unexposed population

remain living in the same geographic area for the remainder of their lives

have long-term monitoring

ANS:

REF:

170

4. Of the following late somatic effects caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, which effect is considered to be most important? A.

Cataract formation

Embryologic or birth defects

Cancer

None; all are considered to be of equal importance

ANS:

REF:

163

5. The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is chemically similar to: A.

calcium

potassium

phosphorus

sodium

ANS:

REF:

166

6. Uranium miners in the Colorado plateau who developed lung cancer years after exposure provide an example of which of the following? A.

Early deterministic somatic effects

Late stochastic somatic effects

Early genetic effects

Late genetic effects

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smaller than the margins of the image receptor and

smaller than the margins of the image receptor and not

ANS:

REF:

211

14. Federal government specifications recommend a minimum total filtration of _____-mm aluminum equivalent for stationary (fixed) fluoroscopic x-ray units operating above 70 kVp. A.

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

ANS:

REF:

215

15. When compared with the traditional material in the front of a cassette (aluminum or cardboard), the cassette front containing the carbon fiber absorbs approximately _____ as much radiation, resulting in a _____ dose for the patient because _____ radiographic techniques are required to produce the recorded image. A.

four times; higher; higher

three times; higher; higher

twice; higher; higher

half; lower; lower

ANS:

REF:

220

16. In standard image intensification fluoroscopy, an x-ray beam half-value-layer (HVL) of 3- to 4mm aluminum is considered acceptable when peak kilovoltage ranges from: A.

50 to 60

60 to 70

70 to 80

80 to 100

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ANS:

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231

17. Digital radiography images can be accessed: A.

at only one workstation at a time, thereby decreasing the convenience for physicians providing patient care

at no more than two workstations at a time, thereby decreasing the convenience for physicians providing patent care

at several workstations at the same time, making image viewing very convenient for physicians providing patient care

none of these; digital images cannot be accessed at any workstations by physicians

ANS:

REF:

223

18. When an exposed computed radiography imaging plate is ready to be processed, an imaging reading unit is used to scan the photostimulable phosphor imaging plate with a helium-neon laser beam. This results in the emission of violet light that is changed into an electronic signal by a device called a: A.

charge-coupled-device array

photodiode

photomultiplier tube

scintillator

ANS:

REF:

224

19. Computed radiography, because of its higher exposure latitude, makes grid use on the pediatric population: A.

absolutely necessary for all radiographic examinations

less necessary than was previously believed

necessary only for extremity examinations

unnecessary for any examination

ANS:

REF:

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