Biology A Guide to the Natural World with MasteringBiology, 5E by David Krogh
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Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 5e (Krogh) Chapter 1 Science as a Way of Learning: A Guide to the Natural World 1) What invention by Bell Labs in 1947 brought about modern electronics? A) the invention of software B) the invention of the transistor C) the invention of the CD D) the invention of the computer Answer: B Topic: Section 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Science presents society with ________, about which society then makes decisions. A) values B) theories C) options D) worst-case scenarios Answer: C Topic: Section 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Because scientists are in the business of investigating nature, scientists function as: A) society's eyes and ears on the natural world. B) political advisors. C) authorities on the natural world. D) protectors of the natural world. Answer: A Topic: Section 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) Which of the following is at the root cause for all cancers? A) antibiotic resistance B) obesity C) the normal cell division process D) a breakdown of the cell division process Answer: D Topic: Section 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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5) Which of the following is true? A) A scientific theory is a hunch about a natural event. B) A scientific fact and a scientific theory carry the same weight in the scientific community. C) A scientific theory explains what we know to this date about a natural event. D) A scientific theory is the final answer to a question about a natural event. Answer: C Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 6) Choose the answer that best describes the sequence of the scientific method. A) experiment, observation, hypothesis, conclusion B) hypothesis, experiment, observation, conclusion C) guess, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion D) observation, hypothesis, experiment, absolute fact E) observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion Answer: E Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 7) The role of a control in an experiment is to: A) prove a hypothesis is correct. B) ensure the experiment can be repeated. C) prove that a hypothesis is correct and ensure repeatability. D) provide a basis of comparison to an experimental group. Answer: D Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 8) We use the scientific method every day. Imagine your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? A) I'm going to be late. B) I'm out of gas. C) Check to see whether your lights were left on all night. D) Add a quart of oil. Answer: B Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis
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9) A scientific explanation that is tentative and testable is termed a/an: A) hypothesis. B) theory. C) fact. D) control. E) observation. Answer: A Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Which of the following is a theory? A) There is molecular and biochemical evidence that all organisms are related. B) Many people believe echinacea cures their colds. C) A boy finds a chipped rock he believes is an arrowhead. D) Many people claim that the Earth is only 6,000 years old. Answer: A Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 11) The difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that a: A) theory must be proven beyond a shadow of a doubt. B) hypothesis must be proven beyond a shadow of a doubt. C) hypothesis must be supported by evidence. D) theory must be supported by evidence. Answer: D Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 12) Which scientist disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? A) Einstein B) Watson C) Pauling D) Crick E) Pasteur Answer: E Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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13) A scientific finding is believed to be true until new evidence arises. This view is referred to as: A) provisional assent. B) immutable laws. C) a theory. D) a supernatural explanation. Answer: A Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 14) A good hypothesis must: A) be falsifiable. B) be false. C) be theoretical. D) lead to a question. E) be true. Answer: A Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 15) If you flip the light switch in your living room and nothing happens, what might be a good hypothesis to explain the absence of light? A) Electricity sometimes flows backward in a wire, preventing the light from shining. B) The circuit breaker for the living room might be the "off" position. C) You might have made too many telephone calls this month, thereby reducing the amount of electricity in your lines. D) The air conditioner is also running upstairs, and it might be using all of the electricity available in your house at the moment. Answer: B Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 16) Which one of the following is true about scientific knowledge? A) Scientific knowledge is derived from careful thinking about the way things must work based on application of a few fundamental principles. B) When based on many experiments, scientific knowledge is absolutely true. C) Scientific knowledge is acquired though teachings passed on by great scientists. D) Scientific knowledge is not absolute, because the possibility is always held open that new experiments may one day prove it wrong. E) Scientific knowledge is derived from the strongest arguments made by the brightest scientists. Answer: D Topic: Section 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis
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