Instructor’s Manual Assessment in Special Education: A Practical Approach Sixth Edition
Roger Pierangelo Long Island University
George Giuliani Hofstra University
Contents Preface............................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1: Introduction to Assessment ............................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Methods of Assessment and Testing Considerations ........................................ 3 Chapter 3: Basic Statistical Concepts ................................................................................. 4 Chapter 4: Scoring Terminology Used in Assessment ........................................................ 6 Chapter 5: Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues in Special Education Assessment ........ 8 Chapter 6: Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Special Education Assessment ................... 9 Chapter 7: Response to Intervention (R T I) ......................................................................10 Chapter 8: Required Responsibilities in Screening and Assessment of Students ..............12 Chapter 9: The Child Study Team and Pre-referral Strategies ...........................................13 Chapter 10: The Multidisciplinary Team, and Parental Participation in the Assessment Process .............................................................................................................................14 Chapter 11: Assessment of Academic Achievement .........................................................16 Chapter 12: Assessment of Intelligence ............................................................................18 Chapter 13: Assessment of Behavior ................................................................................19 Chapter 14: Assessment of Perceptual Abilities ................................................................21 Chapter 15: Assessment of Speech and Language ...........................................................22 Chapter 16: Assessment of Hearing Loss and Evaluations for Physical and Occupational Therapy Needs..................................................................................................................23 Chapter 17: Early Intervention and Preschool Assessment ...............................................25 Chapter 18: Determining Whether a Disability Exists: Eligibility Criteria .............................26 Chapter 19: Writing A Comprehensive Educational Report in Special Education ..............28 Chapter 20: Preparation and Presentation of Test Results ................................................30 Chapter 21: Eligibility Procedures For Special Education Services ....................................31 Chapter 22: Development Of The I E P .............................................................................32
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Preface This instructor’s manual accompanies Assessment in Special Education: A Practical Approach (6th edition) by Pierangelo and Giuliani. It contains a brief summer as well as a lecture and outline discussion for each chapter. An additional test bank document contains both multiple choice and essay questions for each chapter. Assessment in Special Education: A Practical Approach, sixth edition, continues to represent a new and unique direction in college textbooks. This book is the result of several years of marketing analysis and experience. The format for this text is based on your needs as a student to have a practical, user-friendly, and clearly comprehensible textbook that will be a valuable resource and reference once you enter the workplace. In our market research with undergraduate and graduate students, we found that •
91% of those interviewed felt that most college texts were very difficult to read
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87% found them difficult to understand
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74% felt that most texts contained irrelevant and useless charts and tables
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93% indicated that they could not see using the book as a practical reference tool after the course was over
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71% felt that the formats were overwhelming
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98% felt that most texts contained too much theory and not enough “practical information”
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90% normally sold back their textbooks at the end of the semester because they had no practical value and would “just sit on a shelf”
In this text, we have tried to provide you with a “real-world story” or process for the area of assessment that has a beginning, a middle, and an end. Many assessment texts we have reviewed have approximately 20 or more chapters that are not connected, but rather offer students fragments of the assessment process but never clearly show the overall process in a straight line—from the beginning to the end. Our goal for this text is to provide you with the practical tools necessary to understand the process of assessment in schools and to learn how to “put the pieces all together.” Graduates of most assessment courses understand what constitutes validity and reliability, a description of the tests most often used in assessment, legal issues, and basic statistical terminology. Our textbook not only covers these areas, but also focuses on the practical application of assessment in schools with discussions of interpreting results, diagnosing a suspected disability, writing a professional report, making recommendations from the data, presenting results to parents, and attending the eligibility committee meetings. From our market research, this is where our book is unique. Other practical features of this text include the following: •
Content that reflects the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
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An overall practical focus to balance out the strong grounding in theory so necessary for understanding exceptionality
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Combined coverage of formal and informal assessment
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Coverage of assessment that spans infancy and preschool age through high school and into adulthood
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Thorough discussion of all the most up-to-date tests used in school systems iv .
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Comprehensive coverage of evaluation procedures for all areas of exceptionality
Opportunities to take test data and learn their practical application in both writing and recommendations •
Practical approaches to parent–teacher conferences and the sensitivity required in discussing test results with parents
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A step-by-step approach from identification of a high-risk child to appropriate placement
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An emphasis on the application of information to meet the individual, often unique, requirements of students with special needs
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Information about assessment vehicles, both formal and informal, to help you make informed decisions about which technique or tool is best for each student
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Numerous teaching–learning aids
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Samples of actual assessment, evaluation, and procedural forms utilized in school systems
After reading this textbook, you should have a thorough understanding of the assessment process in special education from start to finish. Assessment in special education is a step-bystep approach, and we have given you all the tools necessary to understand what really happens in the assessment process.
New to This Edition Besides the features addressed in the bulleted list above, Assessment in Special Education: A Practical Approach, sixth edition, has many new features. These include: NEW! All chapters now begin with Learning Outcomes that identify the concepts covered in each major section of the chapter and point out the expectations of accountability for learning those concepts. Learning Outcome quizzes and Application Exercises—key components of the Learning Management System available via the eText––measure your understanding of the learning outcomes and your ability to apply them. NEW! Chapter 5 on Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues in Special Education Assessment. In Chapter 5, we introduce you to specific legal, ethical, and professional issues in special education assessment. We describe the rights of parents in the educational decision making of their children and identify how to provide written notice to parents for special needs assessment and obtain parental consent. In Chapter 5, you will identify the procedures for initiating an evaluation for a child with a suspected disability and describe six I DEIA standards that comply with federal guidelines for special education evaluations. By the end of Chapter 5, you will learn how to defend ethical practices that enhance the integrity of test results. NEW! Chapter 6 on Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Special Education Assessment. In Chapter 6, we introduce you to cultural and linguistic diversity in special education and the significance of cultural competence when working with children with special needs and their parents. In Chapter 6, you will identify techniques and actions educators use to prepare for a multicultural assessment and describe factors that influence assessment of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. NEW! Chapter 8 on Required Responsibilities in Screening and Assessment of Students. In Chapter 8, you will learn to identify the purpose of screening assessments and describe the process for using them. We describe the purpose of an initial evaluation, the procedures for getting one underway, and participants in the process. You will also learn about triennial evaluations, the purpose of a triennial evaluation, and who participates in this evaluation. v .
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NEW! Updates on All Test and Evaluation Measures Used in a Comprehensive Evaluation in the Special Education Process. Chapters 11 through 17 provide analyses of the most current, valid, reliable, and popular intelligence, academic achievement, behavioral, perceptual, speech and language, early childhood, hearing, and physical and occupational therapy assessment measures used in the special education process. NEW! Updates on Eligibility for Special Education and the Requirements for Classification of a Child with a Suspected Disability. Chapters 18 through 22 provide updates on putting everything together and the special education requirements after doing an evaluation for a suspected disability. The latest information of eligibility in special education on all areas of classification and how the assessment process dictates classification are addressed, as well as updated references in all chapters covering the most current research in the field of assessment. NEW! Updates on Writing a Professional Report. In Chapter 19, you will learn by a step-bystep process all the sections required in putting together a professional report. The chapter provides practical suggestions and numerous examples as well as a final professional report on a student that can be used as a template. The chapter also provides numerous guidelines for the presentation and format of a professional report. NEW! Chapter 20 on Preparation and Presentation of Test Results. In Chapter 20, you will learn the practical preparation and presentation of test results to the Child Study Team, Eligibility Committee, and parents. The chapter will provide step-by-step checklists for preparation and professional presentation at the Annual Review, Triennial Review, and Eligibility Committee for test results of an initial evaluation for special education.
Key Content Updates by Chapter Chapter 1 Incorporated new and updated information on defining and understanding the purpose of assessment, landmark court cases, and federal legislation pertaining to special education and individuals with disabilities. Added information of basic principles about the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (I DEIA) and the steps involved in the assessment process in special education. Chapter 2 Added information on the importance of norm-referenced tests, standardization, and concerns surrounding standardized testing. Expanded explanations on the various informal measures of assessment and key issues surrounding testing considerations and the limitations of various kinds of testing. Chapter 3 Updated examples on basic statistical terminology including scales of measurement, measures of central tendency, frequency, and range. Added information on the importance of the normal curve and how it can be used in the assessment process for decision making. Chapter 4 Updated examples explaining the importance of scaled scores and standard scores and how they are used in reporting information during the assessment process. Added information on terminology used in reporting scores in assessment, including percentiles, stanines, T-scores, z-scores, age equivalents, and grade equivalents. Chapter 5 Provides new information on specific legal, ethical, and professional issues in special education assessment. We describe the rights of parents in decision making about their children’s education and identify how to provide written notice to parents for special needs assessment and obtain parental consent. Chapter 5 shows you how to identify the procedures for initiating an evaluation for a child with a suspected disability and describes six IDEIA standards to comply with federal guidelines for special education evaluations. By the end of
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