The Art and Science of Leadership 8th Edition
Instructor’s Manual Afsaneh Nahavandi Knauss School of Business University of San Diego
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SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION
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Since the first edition of The Art and Science of Leadership was published, the call for effective leadership has been growing. Leading people effectively is a tremendous challenge, a great opportunity, and a serious responsibility. Recent events all over the world have demonstrated the critical role and importance of leaders. Our organizations and institutions, more than ever, need effective leaders who understand the complexities of our dynamic global environment, who have the intelligence, knowledge, and skills to deal with complex problems, and who have the sensitivity and ability to empathize with their followers to motivate them to strive for excellence. While some consider leadership to be a magical process, and certain leaders may indeed be endowed with innate gifts, there is no question that leaders are not just “born”— they are both “born and made.” We can all learn to lead better through self-awareness of our strengths and weakness and potential contributions, by building our knowledge and skills base, practicing our craft, and focusing on the journey to grow and improve. Helping current and future leaders is the goal of this book. Our educational landscape and our organizations are experiencing fundamental changes that must be addressed and managed: •
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The present generation of students, particularly at the undergraduate level, is increasingly impatient with lengthy reading material. They respond well to short readings and videos and engage well when working in teams. They expect the same work-life (school-life) balance, personal relevance and applicability, and feedback in the classroom that they famously demand when they join the workforce. Our current students have a lively interest in social, cultural, and environmental issues. They have grown-up in more culturally-diverse environments than their parents have where cultural issues, and social and environmental justice are often key drivers. The focus on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) and environmental issues is further echoed by the many younger faculty who are part of the Millennial and GenZ generations. Accrediting agencies are mirroring the need to address DEI, social and environmental justice, globalization, the changing needs of organizations, and a new diverse workforce. The social, economic, and organizational crises brought on by the COVID global pandemic, and political and social events in recent years, have further precipitated the need to prepare future leaders for a turbulent future. Technology allows us to have more dynamic and interactive content, and easily connect students in and out of the classroom with engaging material beyond the textbook and the classroom.
I have been teaching leadership at undergraduate, master’s, and PhD levels since 1983. I wrote the first edition of The Art and Science of Leadership (1997) because I could not find a text that was thorough, integrative, and readable, and that provided a balance of theory and practice. Since then, every subsequent edition has been guided by my own education and research, and by extensive interactions with and feedback from students, adopters, and reviewers. Based on that information, what makes this textbook unique and successful is: .
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Readability and accessibility for various academic levels ranging from freshmen to master’s and PhD levels Balance of theory and practice with numerous real-life examples from different industries and sectors that illustrate application of theories Attention to culture, whether at the group and diversity levels, or at the national level, as a key contextual factor in leadership Many end-of-chapter exercises, assessments, and pedagogical features to reinforce application of concepts An “agnostic,” integrative, critical, and practical approach to leadership with equal coverage of various concepts and theories
NEW TO THIS EDITION This new edition keeps the key features of the book and addresses the many current challenges that we face. In addition to updates to integrate the most current leadership research and examples, the 8th edition includes the following changes: 1. An integrated and expanded coverage of culture is provided at the national and group levels (e.g., race, ethnicity, and gender) to address cross-cultural leadership situations and the challenges and opportunities that DEI presents. It is essential that students develop a Cultural Mindset that makes them aware of the role and the impact of culture on them and those they work with, and that prepares them to fully consider culture when interacting with others. 2. Special attention is given to the challenges and opportunities that constant change and crises present. Future leaders must understand the nature and impact of change on organizations and be prepared to navigate unknown and unpredictable situations. 3. I am introducing the THINK-KNOW-DO (TKD) roadmap to culture and leadership that I have used in my teaching for the past 10 years, and integrating it throughout the book. The roadmap emphasizes self-awareness of culture, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as cognition and biases (THINK); development of specific knowledge of concepts and context (KNOW); and application to practice (DO). 4. Dated references have been eliminated, while essential critical concepts have been retained, and current examples and research have been added.
SOLVING TEACHING AND LEARNING CHALLENGES This text includes numerous opportunities to put the concepts discussed in the text into practice, including the THINK-KNOW-DO (TKD) roadmap that is used as an overall framework to help students build their leadership toolbox and become more effective leaders by: 1.
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Becoming more aware of their perspectives, strengths, and areas of potential growth (THINK) v
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Acquiring knowledge about leadership theory and practice (KNOW) Applying what they learn about themselves and leadership concepts to assess and solve challenges and problems they may face (DO)
Every chapter further includes several applied learning opportunities: • • • • • • • •
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A “Leadership Question” that focuses attention on the practical applications of the material covered in the chapter A “Stepping into Leadership” feature that specifically addresses how new leaders can use and apply the material they are reading to develop their leadership toolbox “The Leadership Challenge” scenario that encourages readers to apply specific leadership concepts to address a challenge that leaders may face A “What Do You Do” dilemma that presents an opportunity to solve a leadership problem An “Applying What You Learn” list that provides specific guidelines on how to apply various chapter concepts End-of-Chapter self-assessments that encourage students to explore their leadership strengths and opportunities for growth End-of-Chapter exercises that integrate chapter material and require students to work either individually or in groups to apply concepts to solve problems An End-of-Chapter case written specifically to illustrate the chapter concepts in a real-life leadership situation that entails assessing a problem and recommending alternative solutions An End-of-Chapter summary based on the TKD roadmap that highlights what students have learned
TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW All chapters have been extensively revised and updated to include new research, new examples, and figures. In addition, specific changes to the chapters include: • Chapter 1 introduces the THINK-KNOW-DO (TKD) roadmap as the framework for the book, and its integration in each chapter to provide students with a roadmap to becoming more effective leaders. • A new Chapter 2 presents the contributions of foundational theories of leadership (Chapter 3 in 7th ed) while highlighting the shortcomings of a single perspective (mostly Western) •
approach. New Chapters 3 and 4 offer an expanded and integrated coverage of culture and DEI (combined in Chapter 2 in 7th edition) to help students develop a cultural mindset through: • •
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DEI and gender, covered in detail in Chapter 3 National culture, including Hofstede and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE), presented in Chapter 4
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