INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL Vincent P. Mikkelsen Florida State University
THE AMERICAN JOURNEY A History of the United States SIXTH EDITION AND TLC EDITION David Goldfield University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Carl Abbott Portland State University
Virginia DeJohn Anderson University of Colorado, Boulder
Jo Ann E. Argersinger Southern Illinois University
Peter H. Argersinger Southern Illinois University
William L. Barney University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Robert M. Weir University of South Carolina
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Worlds Apart ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Transplantation 1600–1685............................................................................................. 5 Chapter 3 A Meeting of Cultures..................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 4 English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s–1763 ..................................................... 12 Chapter 5 Imperial Breakdown 1763–1774 ................................................................................... 15 Chapter 6 The War for Independence 1774–1783 ......................................................................... 18 Chapter 7 The First Republic 1776–1789 ...................................................................................... 22 Chapter 8 A New Republic and the Rise of Parties 1789–1800 .................................................... 26 Chapter 9 The Triumph and Collapse of Jeffersonian Republicanism 1800–1824 ....................... 30 Chapter 10 The Jacksonian Era 1824–1845................................................................................... 34 Chapter 11 Slavery and the Old South 1800–1860........................................................................ 38 Chapter 12 The Market Revolution and Social Reform 1815–1850.............................................. 42 Chapter 13 The Way West ............................................................................................................. 46 Chapter 14 The Politics of Sectionalism 1846–1861..................................................................... 50 Chapter 15 Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War 1861–1865 ..................................... 54 Chapter 16 Reconstruction 1865–1877.......................................................................................... 59 Chapter 17 A New South: Economic Progress and Social Tradition 1877–1900.......................... 63 Chapter 18 Industry, Immigrants, and Cities 1870–1900 .............................................................. 67 Chapter 19 Transforming the West 1865–1890 ............................................................................. 71 Chapter 20 Politics and Government 1877–1900 .......................................................................... 75
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Chapter 21 The Progressive Era 1900–1917.................................................................................. 79 Chapter 22 Creating an Empire 1865–1917................................................................................... 83 Chapter 23 America and the Great War 1914–1920...................................................................... 86 Chapter 24 Toward a Modern America: The 1920s....................................................................... 90 Chapter 25 The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929–1939 ................................................. 94 Chapter 26 World War II 1939–1945 ............................................................................................ 98 Chapter 27 The Cold War at Home and Abroad 1946–1952....................................................... 102 Chapter 28 The Confident Years 1953–1964 .............................................................................. 106 Chapter 29 Shaken to the Roots 1965–1980................................................................................ 111 Chapter 30 The Reagan Revolution and a Changing World 1981–1992..................................... 115 Chapter 31 Complacency, Crisis, and Global Reengagement 1993–2010 .................................. 119
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Chapter 1 WORLDS APART Chapter Summary Chapter 1 provides an introduction to United States history by exploring the backgrounds of the three major cultures that came together to create the New World. Topics discussed include descriptions of Native American, West African, and European societies on the eve of contact; the motivations for European exploration and settlement in the New World; early Spanish, French, and British settlements; and the impact of contact with Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans during the sixteenth century. I.
Native American Societies before 1492 A. Hunters, Harvesters, and Gatherers B. The Development of Agriculture C. Nonfarming Societies D. Mesoamerican Civilizations 1. The Mayans 2. The Aztecs E. North America’s Diverse Cultures 1. Ancestral Puebloans 2. Plains Indians 3. Mound-building cultures F. The Caribbean Islanders
II.
West African Societies A. Geographical and Political Differences 1. Artisans and merchants 2. Farming and gender roles B. Family Structure and Religion C. European Merchants in West Africa and the Slave Trade
III.
Western Europe on the Eve of Exploration A. The Consolidation of Political and Military Authority B. Religious Conflict and the Protestant Reformation
IV.
Contact A. The Lure of Discovery 1. Advances in navigation and shipbuilding 2. The Atlantic islands and the slave trade B. Christopher Columbus and the Westward Route to Asia C. The Spanish Conquest and Colonization 1. The end of the Aztec Empire 2. The fall of the Inca Empire 3. Spanish incursions to the north 4. The seeds of economic decline D. The Columbian Exchange E. Cultural Perceptions and Misperceptions
1 Email: richard@qwconsultancy.com.
V.
Competition for a Continent A. Early French Efforts in North America B. English Attempts in the New World 1. The colonization of Ireland 2. Expeditions to the New World 3. The Roanoke colony
VI.
Conclusion
Learning Objectives After a careful examination of Chapter 1, students should be able to answer the following: 1.
How did geography shape the development of regional cultures in North America prior to 1492?
2.
What were the key characteristics of West African society?
3.
How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the Americas?
4.
What were the biological consequences of contact between Europeans and Native Americans?
5.
Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?
Topics for Classroom Lecture 1. Discuss pre-Columbian Native American culture, stressing the diversity and complexity of indigenous societies in the New World. Point out differences in population dispersal and density and the variety of religions, architecture, art, and political and economic organization in these cultures. Discuss the meaning of the term “civilization” and what modern-day Americans mean when they describe a society or culture as “civilized.” Have students question the traditional historical assertion that American history began with the arrival of Europeans and suggest that European settlement simply initiated another phase of American history. 2. Present a discussion of the factors contributing to the development of European interest in exploration and settlement in the New World. Because the United States originated as British colonies, focus specifically on the British motivation. A complete treatment of the issue would examine both political and individual reasons for movement into the New World. Include in the political discussion such issues as the national pursuit of a mercantile economic policy, the political power associated with the acquisition of empire, the expansion of military power, and the missionary motive. Considering the individual, how did religion, economic hardship, and the lure of adventure impact many people’s decisions to go to the New World?
2 Email: richard@qwconsultancy.com.