Online Instructor’s Manual to accompany
Administrative Law: Bureaucracy in a Democracy Fourth Edition
Daniel E. Hall
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio
CONTENTS Chapter Outlines Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................2 Chapter 2: Bureaucracy and Democracy ............................................................5 Chapter 3: Agency Discretion .............................................................................10 Chapter 4: The Requirements of Fairness.........................................................15 Chapter 5: Delegation ..........................................................................................26 Chapter 6: Agency Rulemaking .........................................................................35 Chapter 7: Agency Investigations and Information Collection .......................42 Chapter 8: Formal Adjudications ......................................................................51 Chapter 9: Accountability Through Reviewability ..........................................63 Chapter 10: Accountability Through Accessibility ..........................................76 Chapter 11: Accountability Through Liability .................................................89
Answers to Chapter Questions Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................102 Chapter 2: Bureaucracy and Democracy ........................................................104 Chapter 3: Agency Discretion ...........................................................................107 Chapter 4: The Requirements of Fairness.......................................................110 Chapter 5: Delegation ........................................................................................112 Chapter 6: Agency Rulemaking .......................................................................114 Chapter 7: Agency Investigations and Information Collection .....................116 Chapter 8: Formal Adjudications ....................................................................119 Chapter 9: Accountability through Reviewability ..........................................122 Chapter 10: Accountability through Accessibility ..........................................124 Chapter 11: Accountability through Liability ................................................127
Test Bank Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................131 Chapter 2: Bureaucracy and Democracy ........................................................137 Chapter 3: Agency Discretion ...........................................................................143 Chapter 4: The Requirements of Fairness.......................................................150 Chapter 5: Delegation ........................................................................................156 Chapter 6: Agency Rulemaking .......................................................................162 Chapter 7: Agency Investigations and Information Collection .....................168 Chapter 8: Formal Adjudications ....................................................................175 Chapter 9: Accountability through Reviewability ..........................................182 Chapter 10: Accountability through Accessibility ..........................................188 Chapter 11: Accountability through Liability ................................................194
Chapter 1
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION 1.1
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW DEFINED • Body of law developed to control and administer agency’s behavior and function • Administrative law defines agency’s o Powers o Limitations o Procedures
1.2
SOURCES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 1.2(a) Constitution • Significant source of law in the administrative context, including; o Separation of powers o Federalism o Article I (powers of the National government o Article I (interstate commerce) o Fifth Amendment due process o Fourteenth Amendment equal protection 1.2(b) Enabling Laws • Statute that establishes an agency o Sets forth responsibilities o Sets forth authority 1.2(c) Administrative Procedures Act • Federal o Passed in 1946 o Comprehensive but preempted by enabling statute • State (uniform state APA) o Approved in 1946 by; • National Conference on Uniform State Laws • American Bar Association o Amended twice (1961 and 1981) o Adopted by 30 states and the District of Columbia (as of 2/2005) o 20 states have adopted another form of administrative procedures law 1.2(d) Executive Orders • An executive order has the effect of a statute • Sources of authority for president to issue an executive order; o Article II (inherent authority to regulate as chief executive) o Authorization of Congress • Executive orders are generally preempted by statutes
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o Exception – if Congress has specifically delegated authority to act to the president Executive orders are published in the Federal Register
1.3
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES • May be called: o Departments o Commissions o Bureaus o Councils o Groups o Services o Divisions o Agencies o Administrations o Boards See Government of the United States chart; Figure 1-1 1.3(a) The Need for Agencies • Job of government has become too large for Congress, the courts and the executive branch to handle • Agency expertise is necessary 1.3(b) Types of Agencies • Three major types • Social welfare o Promoting the general welfare of the people o Redistributes funds • Regulatory o Proscribes behavior o Determines legal compliance o Licensing o Ratemaking o Prosecuting violators • Public service o Provides services to the public • Other characterizations • Executive o Organ of the executive branch • Independent o Not controlled by the president 1.3(c) The History and Size of the Bureaucracy • Administrative agencies have existed since our nation began o Certain agencies were established by the first Congress ▪ Treasury ▪ Department of War
▪ Foreign Affairs ▪ Patients ▪ Post Office o Era between the great Depression and World War II was a boom period for administrative agencies • In 1800 o There were 3,000 federal government employees o This represented approximately .0005% of total population • In 1995 o Nearly 3,000,000 federal government employees o This represented approximately 1% of total population 1.3(d) The Impact of Agencies on Daily Life • Large number of agencies results in large number of service and regulations 1.4
CONCLUSION