Zoology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Zoology is the scientific study of animals, encompassing their biology, evolution, behavior, physiology, classification, and ecological interactions. This course explores the vast diversity of animal life, from simple invertebrates to complex vertebrates, providing students with an understanding of animal anatomy, development, adaptation, and evolutionary relationships. Through lectures, laboratory work, and field studies, students gain practical skills in observation, identification, and scientific analysis, preparing them for advanced studies and careers in biological sciences, conservation, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Animal Physiology 3rd Edition by Christopher D. Moyes
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16 Chapters
1153 Verified Questions
1153 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiological Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Genetic drift results in ________________ evolution,which refers to changes in a population that are not due to differences in fitness.
Answer: neutral
Q2) The proximate cause of an organism's unique characteristic can be answered by
A)studying the animals lineage.
B)looking for evolutionary advantages of the characteristic.
C)identifying the genes that regulate the characteristic.
D)both A and B
Answer: C
Q3) Physiological processes that change in a predictable pattern on a daily basis are said to follow a __________.
Answer: circadian rhythm
Q4) Acclimatization is a term referring to
A)irreversible changes in phenotype due to natural environmental variation.
B)irreversible changes in phenotype due to controlled environmental change.
C)reversible changes in phenotype due to natural environmental variation.
D)reversible changes in phenotype due to controlled environmental change.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Physiological Evolution of Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tissues of Cnidarians are termed _____________ because they are derived from two embryonic body layers.
Answer: diploblastic
Q2) Describe some key physiological adaptations that allowed animals to successfully colonize terrestrial environments.
Answer: Animals had to evolve physiological adaptations to successfully invade terrestrial environments.Desiccation is a risk for all land organisms,therefore,adaptations to conserve water were critical.Animals also had to overcome the challenge of controlling their internal osmolarity,independent of the external environment.Animals evolved a body surface that would prevent water loss (e.g. ,reptilian scales).An excretory system used to expel nitrogenous wastes out of water was also an important adaptation for land animals.When water was no longer available for support,skeletons and muscles evolved to allow locomotion on land.In addition,respiratory systems to exchange gases on land became a requirement for successful survival on land.
Q3) The body plan of sponges is _____________,while cnidarians are
Answer: asymmetrical;radially symmetrical
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proteins may be degraded by proteosomes because
A)they have become damaged.
B)they are labeled with ubiquitin.
C)they are proteins which are rapidly degraded as part of the cell's control of protein levels.
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) The extracellular matrix performs a variety of functions,including mediation of interactions between cells.__________ is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG),which provides protection and acts as a shock absorber.
A)Collagen
B)Chondroitin sulfate
C)Hyaluronan
D)Fibronectin
Answer: C
Q3) RNA is degraded by enzymes called __________.
Answer: RNases
Q4) __________ is the process of forming acetoacetyl CoA from two acetyl CoA molecules.
Answer: Ketogenesis
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Chapter 4: Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the major hormone secreted by the pineal gland and is involved with circadian and seasonal cycles.
Q2) Neural signaling is different from other types of long-distance signaling because
A)it involves the release of chemical signals.
B)it involves the use of receptors.
C)the signal is contained within a single cell as it travels the long distance.
D)it relies on the blood to carry the signal from one cell to the next.
Q3) It is possible for cells to communicate directly (via a connection of the cytoplasm)with each other by using A)gap junctions.
B)paracrine signaling.
C)endocrine signaling.
D)autocrine signaling.
Q4) Nitric oxide is one of three gaseous chemical messengers and is produced by the enzyme __________.
Q5) A G protein with no known ligand or function is termed an __________.
Q6) __________ is a biogenic amine used in immune responses and allergic reactions.
Q7) The term__________ refers to any molecule that binds specifically to a protein.
Q8) Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback loops.
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Chapter 5: Neuron Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) The area of the axon covered with myelin and found between the nodes of Ranvier is known as an __________.
Q2) A cell will most likely hyperpolarize when __________ enters it.
A)Cl
B)Na
C)Ca²
D)both B and C
Q3) Which of the following neurotransmitters is typically NOT classified as a biogenic amine?
A)acetylcholine
B)serotonin
C)epinephrine
D)dopamine
Q4) In a neuromuscular junction,the muscle is the
A)presynaptic cell.
B)postsynaptic cell.
C)synaptic cell.
D)synapse.
Q5) A __________ transmits signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.
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Chapter 6: Cellular Movement and Muscles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Asynchronous flight muscles in insects are able to achieve contractions in the range of 250-1000 Hz because
A)they have very fast Ca² ATPase pumps.
B)they have muscles that don't depend on Ca² regulation at all.
C)they have very high amounts of parvalbumin in the cytosol.
D)the TnC can rapidly change its affinity for Ca² ,leading to rapid contraction/relaxation cycles.
Q2) The unitary displacement of the myosin refers to
A)how many actins are displaced by myosin.
B)how far along the actin filament the myosin can move in one cycle.
C)how many units of time pass during one cross-bridge cycle.
D)how much time the myosin stays bound to the actin before it is displaced.
Q3) Skeletal and cardiac muscle are both types of striated muscle.You have been given one type of each sample,but the identifying labels have come off.You know that these muscles have some similarities and some differences in terms of their rate of depolarization,rate of repolarization,and length of action potential.Which of these features would not be useful in identifying the two types of muscle? Which of these features will you use to correctly label the samples? Explain what you would expect to see for skeletal and cardiac muscles for each feature that you use.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Invertebrates have organs called __________ that detect the orientation of their bodies with respect to gravity.
Q2) Mechanoreceptors translate mechanical signals into electrical signals when pressure on the cell
A)activates a G protein signal transduction cascade.
B)disrupts stability of the lipid bilayer,causing ions to flow.
C)induces a conformational change in ion channels,allowing ions to flow.
D)induces a change in cell volume that disrupts ion balance.
Q3) The small bones in the mammalian middle ear are called:
A)malleus,incus,stapes.
B)stapes,ossicle,tectorus.
C)malleus,otolith,statocyst.
D)utricle,saccule,ampulla.
Q4) Discuss how pheromones are used by (nonhuman)animals to communicate with members of their own species or with other species.Provide at least three examples to support your answer.
Q5) In humans,tastes can be grouped into one of five classes,which are __________.(list all five)
Q6) The compound called __________ can stimulate cold-sensitive neurons.
Q7) A tympanal organ functions as an insect __________.
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Chapter 8: Functional Organization of Nervous Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Homeostasis is maintained by the A)hypothalamus.
B)cerebral cortex.
C)hippocampus.
D)limbic system.
Q2) In vertebrates,the __________ nerves exit directly from the braincase.
Q3) The __________ nervous system is sometimes referred to as the "fight or flight" nervous system.
A)autonomic
B)somatic
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic
Q4) In vertebrates,substances from the blood can access the central nervous system by A)gap junctions.
B)pinocytosis.
C)catalyzed transport.
D)all of the above
Q5) The __________ nervous system is sometimes referred to as the "rest and digest" nervous system.
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Chapter 9: Circulatory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Angiogenesis refers to
A)damage to blood vessels.
B)synthesis of blood vessels.
C)genetic analysis of blood vessels.
D)the ontogeny of the vascular system.
Q2) Which of the following does NOT cause vasodilation?
A)increased carbon dioxide
B)increased nitrogen
C)increased hydrogen
D)increased nitric oxide
Q3) What is hydrostatic pressure?
A)pressure exerted by a fluid at rest
B)pressure exerted by a fluid in motion
C)resistive forces generated by fluid viscosity
D)high blood pressure
Q4) In the decapod crustacean,blood returns to the heart through small holes called
Q5) In tetrapods,the __________ side of the heart pushes blood through the pulmonary circuit.
11
Q6) The term for a decrease in heart rate is __________.
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Chapter 10: Immune Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) T cells that cause other cells to respond are referred to as ________________.
Q2) Discuss the relationship between steroid hormones,stress,and the immune system.
Q3) The novel host,which is devastated by myxomatosis,is the ________________.
Q4) The myxoma virus is transmitted from one rabbit to another A)in drinking water.
B)by predators.
C)by blood-sucking insects.
D)by interaction with other herbivores.
Q5) Before a lymphocyte encounters an antigen,it is referred to as a ___________________.
Q6) Which of the following immune cells are segregated to the correct specific region?
A)plasma cells / paracortical region
B)macrophages / lymphoid follicle
C)T cells / paracortical region
D)B cells / medullary region
Q7) Natural killer cells are derived from ______________.
Q8) Describe the process of B-cell activation.
Page 12
Q9) __________________ alert immune cells of the presence of a pathogen.
Q10) Blood cells are derived from ______________ stem cells.
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Chapter 11: Respiratory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following options is FALSE? The rate of diffusion is greatest when
A)the diffusion coefficient is small.
B)the membrane area is large.
C)the energy gradients are large.
D)the membrane is thin.
Q2) What is ram ventilation? Is ram ventilation energetically "free"? Justify your answer.
Q3) Why do fetal mammals tend to have a lower hemoglobin P compared to adults?
A)This allows oxygen to be readily transferred from mother to fetus.
B)This occurs because adults have a higher affinity for oxygen than the fetus.
C)This applies only to species living in low-oxygen environments.
D)Fetal mammals are smaller than adults.
Q4) Tidal ventilation is
A)when the ventilatory medium moves in and out of the respiratory chamber.
B)bulk flow of water across the respiratory surfaces of cnidarians.
C)the movement of water over the gills in most fish.
D)when the partial pressure of oxygen in the medium is variable in a diurnal rhythm.
Q5) The effect of oxygen on hemoglobin-carbon dioxide binding is known as the __________.
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Chapter 12: Locomotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to other fish,the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is significantly greater in the tuna due to the
A)homogeneous distribution of thick-fibered red muscle.
B)higher mitochondrial content of the red muscle fibers.
C)more extensive branching of the T-tubules.
D)denser packing of cristae in the mitochondria of the red muscles.
Q2) An important step in the recovery process of skeletal muscle is the removal of __________ that accumulates from the result of anaerobic glycolysis.
A)acetate
B)lactate
C)pyruvate
D)urea
Q3) Which of the following biomaterials has the highest specific gravity?
A)cartilage
B)protein
C)triglyceride
D)squalene
Q4) Describe the organization of the locomotor white muscles of fish as well as the direction of the contractile forces.
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Chapter 13: Ion and Water Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The functional unit of the kidney is the __________.
Q2) The movement of solutes or water between adjacent cells is called __________ transport.
Q3) Animals that can tolerate only a narrow range of external osmolarity are described as __________.
Q4) Which compound has the lowest molecular weight?
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
D)protein
Q5) All animals require water,and it may be provided in many forms.Which of the following is NEVER a source of water for an animal?
A)seawater
B)dietary water
C)products of hydrolysis
D)products of oxidative phosphorylation
Q6) In the kidney,the capacity for solute recovery is known as the __________.
Q7) IMP stands for __________.
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Q8) When urine is expelled from the bladder through the urethra,this is called
Chapter 14: Digestion and Energy Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do animals require lipids for normal physiological function? While animals can produce some fatty acids on their own (de novo),others must be acquired from the diet.Which are the two essential fatty acids that animals cannot manufacture themselves,and what are their sources?
Q2) Describe the roles of leptin,ghrelin,and peptide YY in regulating appetite.
Q3) Which animal is incorrectly matched with the anatomical feature associated with feeding?
A) sponge : choanocytes
B) Hydra : tentacles
C) snail : radula
D) spider : proboscis
Q4) Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine tissue,playing roles related to A)inflammation.
B)blood clotting and blood pressure.
C)dietary status.
D)all of the above
Q5) Bile is produced by the __________ and stored in the __________.
Q6) The functional length of the straight gut of a shark is increased by an internal membranous network known as the __________.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Thermal Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ have lost the ability to mount a heat shock response.
A)Antarctic fish
B)Fruit flies
C)Reindeer
D)Bluefin tuna
Q2) If the catalytic activity of an enzyme doubles with a biologically relevant 10°C increase in temperature,then Q would be near the value of A)2)
B)5)
C)10.
D)20.
Q3) A(n)__________ cannot tolerate a wide ambient temperature range.
A)ectotherm
B)poikilotherm
C)eurytherm
D)stenotherm
Q4) Typically located near the backs and shoulders,__________ tissue is particularly important for thermogenesis in small mammals and newborns of larger mammals.
Q5) __________ is the ability to generate and maintain elevated body temperatures.
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Chapter 16: Reproductive Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A member of the TGF- family of cytokines,__________ is a peptide hormone secreted by the mature follicle.
A)CG
B)estrin
C)inhibin
D)progestin
Q2) Driven by the __________ surge,the post-ovulation follicle undergoes a change in structure to develop into the corpus luteum.
A)FSH
B)LH
C)CG
D)progesterone
Q3) In the amniotic eggs of birds and reptiles,the __________ serves as a storage sac for nitrogenous wastes.
A)allantois
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)yolk sac
Q4) The __________ is the sperm-storage organ of female insects.
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