Youth Criminal Justice Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the theoretical foundations, legal frameworks, and practical challenges of youth criminal justice systems. It examines the historical evolution of how societies respond to young offenders, focusing on the balance between rehabilitation and accountability. Students will analyze the key provisions of legislation such as the Youth Criminal Justice Act, the roles of police, courts, and correctional institutions, and the social, cultural, and psychological factors influencing youth crime. The course also investigates diversion programs, restorative justice initiatives, and the impact of family, community, and systemic issues on youth offenders, with an emphasis on contemporary reforms and debates in juvenile justice.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour A Canadian Perspective 2nd Edition by Shelley Brown
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14 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/311
Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime in Canada Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5127
Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast forensic psychology and correctional psychology.
Answer: Forensic psychology refers to any application of psychology to the legal system.It includes the practice of clinical psychologists in the legal system,including risk assessment and expert testimony.However,it does not typically explain criminal behaviour.Correctional psychology is the specific psychological study of criminal behaviour.Correctional psychologists often conduct crisis management and psychotherapy with general population inmates,as well as offenders with mental disorders or substance abuse problems.
Q2) Andrews and Bonta (2006) have investigated and then ranked variables across several studies to come up with their Central Eight risk/need factors.They have engaged in which type of research?
A)observational research
B)case study research
C)self-report research
D)meta-analysis research
Answer: D
Q3) The Crime Severity Index tracks changes in reported crimes in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biological and Evolutionary Explanations
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5128
Sample Questions
Q1) While hormones are the messengers of the endocrine system,neurotransmitters are the messengers of which system?
A)nervous system
B)skeletal system
C)reproductive system
D)spinal cord system
Answer: A
Q2) Summarize the key conclusions made by Yang and Raine (2009) regarding brain structures and antisocial behaviour.
Answer: Structural and/or functional damage to the frontal lobe,specifically the pre-frontal lobe,is the most replicated brain imaging abnormality found in offenders to date.Specifically,there are three areas within the prefrontal cortex that are more likely to be impaired in antisocial populations.These particular areas regulate emotional processing,decision-making,impulse control,and cognitive flexibility; therefore it is unsurprising that deficits in these areas would be implicated in criminal offending.
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4
Chapter 3: Learning and Environment Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5129
Sample Questions
Q1) If we describe a criminal as having a "harsh superego" which includes often high levels of unconscious guilt we would categorize him/her as what kind of criminal?
A)Neurotic
B)Deviant
C)Common
D)Primitive
Answer: A
Q2) In Eysenck's biosocial theory of crime,the degree to which people learn from environmental stimuli,such as parental discipline,is determined differences in:
A)parenting style
B)functioning of the nervous system
C)their ability to learn from siblings
D)intellectual capacity
Answer: B
Q3) According to psychoanalytic theory,the id is governed by the reality principle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Canadian Corrections in Practice Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5130
Sample Questions
Q1) The current approach to correctional programming is to target motivation and reduce criminogenic needs using a:
A)cognitive-behavioural model that helps offenders understand high-risk situations and improve their prosocial skills
B)psychoanalytic model that helps offenders to understand their lacking superego
C)self-help model that helps offenders to make changes to their outlook on their own time
D)harm-reduction model that helps offenders to reduce their offending in small increments
Q2) Providing programming to lower risk offenders may help decrease their likelihood of reoffending.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Psychobiological and evolutionary theories are arguably the most empirically supported and the most relevant theories to correctional intervention.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the major themes of retribution,incapacitation,and deterrence.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Adolescent Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5131
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Statistics Canada,the most common sentence imposed on adolescent offenders in 2011-2012 was:
A)probation
B)fines
C)jail time
D)community service
Q2) Identify and explain the three main objectives of the Youth Criminal Justice Act.
Q3) Researchers have investigated the brain region responsible for planning and inhibiting behaviour to explain why some youth engage in antisocial acts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When dealing with antisocial youth,police are to use "extrajudicial measures",including warnings or referrals for treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Canada,the largest proportion of youth gangs is Caucasian.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Economically Motivated Offenders Psychology
of Criminal Behaviour
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5132
Sample Questions
Q1) Corporate crime is sometimes committed in order to support the organization itself.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List and define five types of economic crime.
Q3) _______________ generates the greatest profits for organized crime groups.
A)Human trafficking
B)Prostitution
C)Identity theft
D)Drug trafficking
Q4) Define and briefly discuss the scope of organized crime in Canada.
Q5) The Criminal Code now allows charges against Canadians who go to other countries to seek child prostitution.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is theft defined in the Canadian Criminal Code?
Q7) The Alternatives,Attitudes,and Associates Program is a commonly used treatment program for offenders who commit gang crimes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Substance Abusing Offenders Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5133
Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that drug treatment courts result in major reductions in criminal recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person who is genetically predisposed to drug use will inevitably develop a substance abuse problem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the model for understanding the alcohol-violence relationship proposed by McMurran (2012).
Q4) The cost to arrest,prosecute,and sentence offenders for illicit drug use and trafficking is approximately $8.2 billion per year.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The relationship between substance abuse and crime is direct and causal. A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the Disease Model of addiction to substances.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Violent Offending Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5134
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain violent recidivism rates in Canada.
Q2) The main idea behind the social learning theory of aggression is that it is more likely to occur when it is expected to be more rewarding than non-aggressive alternatives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An impulsive reaction to some real or perceived provocation or threat is called instrumental violence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe a risk assessment tool used to estimate risk for violent terrorist attacks.
Q5) Describe the offence characteristics of violence in Canada.
Q6) Violent crime overall has increased in Canada over the last few decades. A)True
B)False
Q7) Outline the four types of homicide identified in the Canadian Criminal Code.
Q8) In their theory on general antisocial behaviour,what do Quinsey,Skilling,Lalumière,and Craig (2004) propose about evolutionary theory and different types of violent offenders?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5135
Sample Questions
Q1) The top ranking resource,in terms of helpfulness,for battered women seeking help is:
A)emotional support
B)spiritual counseling
C)educational support
D)subsidized daycare
Q2) In 2013,one of the main research findings from the World Health Organization (WHO) in their review of 79 countries was that:
A)East Asia has the highest rate of violence in intimate relationships
B)intimate partner violence has become less of a societal concern over time
C)the global lifetime prevalence of violence in intimate relationships is 30%
D)males are more likely to be killed by their intimate partners than females
Q3) Chan et al.(2008) found in a survey of university studies that Mexico has the highest % of general assaults in dating relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the ecological model of family violence.
Q5) What factors does the textbook say keep women in abusive relationships?
Page 11
Q6) Discuss the patriarchal and social learning theories of intimate violence.
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Chapter 10: Mentally Disordered Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5136
Sample Questions
Q1) If there is no____________ (mens rea) there is no crime.
A)evidence
B)criminal intent
C)court trial
D)threat to society
Q2) The top two mental disorders found among incarcerated offenders are:
A)Organic and psychotic disorders
B)Antisocial personality and substance use disorders
C)Substance use and anxiety disorders
D)Antisocial personality and depressive disorders
Q3) Why are the police often referred to as "street corner psychiatrists"?
A)Police officers to speak to the public about how they are feeling about crime in their neighbourhoods as part of their job
B)Police can develop mental health issues on the job and often look to their colleagues for assistance on how to cope
C)Police officers are becoming the frontline contact for many mentally-ill victims and perpetrators of crime
D)Police training is now comprised of equal parts law enforcement training and clinical counselling training
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Psychopathic Offenders Psychology of Criminal
Behaviour
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5137
Sample Questions
Q1) The use of self-report scales to assess psychopathy is
A)rare because there are no validated self-report assessment tools for psychopathy that exist to date
B)more common than the use of rater-based assessments of psychopathy
C)criticized because psychopaths lie often and have poor insight into their behaviours and emotions
D)only done with young male offenders
Q2) A rater-based instrument for the assessment of psychopathy in adults that is considered by some to be the "gold standard" and has been adopted worldwide as the most reliable and valid measure is the:
A)Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
B)Hare Psychological Symptoms - Revised
C)Hare Personality Inventory - Revised
D)Hare Psychotic Scale - Revised
Q3) Describe the recommended characteristics of treatment of adult psychopaths based on the findings of research on treatment of psychopathy.
Q4) What is the association between psychopathy and recidivism?
Q5) Discuss the genetic and neurological basis of psychopathy.
Q6) How has the concept of psychopathy evolved over time?
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Chapter 12: Sexual Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5138
Sample Questions
Q1) "Young men are involved in intense competition,competitively disadvantaged offenders are trying to make the best of a bad deal,and psychopaths are pursuing a finely tuned alternative strategy of defection and aggression." Explain your understanding of the meaning this quote from Lalumière and colleagues (2005).
Q2) What is the association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual offending?
Q3) The terms pedophile and child molester can be used interchangeably.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sexual offence recidivism rates are higher than rates of non-sexual violent recidivism and any violent recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) All paraphilic disorders involve illegal behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Studies generally find an association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual offending.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Female Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5139
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are major criticisms of early research on female offenders except:
A)many studies focused on risk factors outside of a female's control
B)it was sexist and inappropriately focused on female sexuality,biology,and psychology
C)many theories ignored female offenders entirely
D)many researchers assumed that research on male offenders would apply to female offenders without studying females
Q2) One of the major critiques of gender-neutral treatment programs is that they:
A)don't really work well
B)tend to ignore immediate and distal ecological factors
C)are only based on small scale research studies and qualitative data
D)focus on only addressing educational and economic factors and not on other well-known risk factors
Q3) Women's violence is more likely to be directed at intimate partners than with males.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the "offence gestalt" differences between females and males.
Q5) Describe the specific treatment targets for female offenders.
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Chapter 14: Aboriginal Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5140
Sample Questions
Q1) In Search of Your Warrior (ISOYW) is best described as
A)a crime prevention program targeting female Aboriginal youth
B)an individual-based violence prevention program involving one-on-one mentorship between an elder and an offender
C)group-based,high-intensity violence prevention program for male Aboriginal offenders
D)a community-based restorative justice program
Q2) The Security Reclassification Scale for Women (SRSW; Blanchette & Taylor,2007) is more accurate for Aboriginal women than for non-Aboriginal women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the foundation,structure,and efficacy of the In Search of Your Warrior (ISOYW) program.
Q4) Aboriginal offenders are more likely than non-Aboriginal offenders to report experiencing:
A)high levels of parental supervision
B)less serious trauma
C)more serious childhood trauma
D)much higher levels of abuse,but much less parental absence
Page 16
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