Youth and Crime Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the relationship between youth and the criminal justice system, analyzing the social, economic, and cultural factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency. Students will examine theories of youth crime, historical trends, and current practices in prevention and intervention, with attention to issues such as race, gender, and community context. Through case studies and real-world examples, the course critically assesses the effectiveness of policies and programs designed to address youth offending and investigates the role of family, school, peer influence, and social institutions in shaping youth behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour A Canadian Perspective 2nd Edition by Shelley Brown
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
14 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/311
Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime in Canada Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5127
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following risk factors fall into the "Big Four"?
A)low levels of nurturance and/or caring and poor monitoring and/or supervision
B)abuse of alcohol and/or other drugs
C)mental health disorder
D)attitudes,values,beliefs,and rationalizations supportive of crime
Answer: D
Q2) The phenomenon of decreased criminal activity with age is called the "age-crime curve".
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The "Central Eight" risk/need factors that are most important in understanding criminal behaviour were proposed by Andrews and Bonta (2006).
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Crime decreases with increased age.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological and Evolutionary Explanations
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5128
Sample Questions
Q1) Research examining heart rate and electrodermal activity (also called galvanic skin response) has found that compared to non-antisocial individuals,antisocial individuals tend to have:
A)both low heart rate and electrodermal activity
B)low heart rate and high electrodermal activity
C)high heart rate and low electrodermal activity
D)both high heart rate and electrodermal activity
Answer: A
Q2) Evolutionary theories are considered to be proximate explanations of crime. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The fact that women's ability to produce offspring is restricted compared to men is referred to as:
A)Evolutionary birth theory
B)Chromosomal birth variance
C)Reproductive fitness variance
D)Gendered crime theory
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Learning and Environment Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5129
Sample Questions
Q1) Psychoanalysts have proposed three main sources of criminal behavior all relating to inadequate:
A)id development
B)oral development
C)superego development
D)conflict development
Answer: C
Q2) In terms of using punishment as an effective strategy for either increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a behaviour,the three factors that are important to consider are:
A)immediacy,random feedback,and intensity
B)immediacy,consistency and intensity
C)reinforcement,feedback and intensity
D)location,consistency and immediacy
Answer: B
Q3) Learning theories of crime assume that there is no natural,or inherent,impulse to act antisocially.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Canadian Corrections in Practice Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5130
Sample Questions
Q1) When reviewing the meta-analytic findings relative to the importance of staff in changing offender behaviour,the general findings are that:
A)staff who adopt a strong and authoritative approach are more effective than staff who are overly empathic
B)staff who adopt a rehabilitative approach are more effective than staff who are overly strict
C)staff who adopt an approach of encouragement are more effective than staff who are overly authoritative
D)staff who adopt a fair but firm approach are more effective than staff who are overly authoritative or rehabilitative
Q2) Discuss the two key decision points - pre-trial and custody classification/intake assessment - when risk assessments are used in corrections.
Q3) Explain the major themes of retribution,incapacitation,and deterrence.
Q4) Outline the five types of restorative justice approaches..
Q5) Explain the concept of restorative justice (RJ) and the main features of RJ programs.
Q6) Describe the four generations of risk assessments as proposed by Bonta (1996).
Q7) Describe the Conceptual Model of Offender Transition.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Adolescent Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5131
Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have investigated the brain region responsible for planning and inhibiting behaviour to explain why some youth engage in antisocial acts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In terms of the protective factor of peers,the research suggests the following:
A)peer groups have relatively little impact either way on antisocial behaviour
B)associating with peers who disapprove of antisocial behaviour is not considered protective
C)associating with pro-social children does not provide any protection against antisocial behaviour
D)associating with peers who disapprove of antisocial behaviour is a protective factor against antisocial behaviour
Q3) Intelligence,commitment to school,and academic achievement are all considered protective factors for adolescents at risk for antisocial behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Outline the five criminological risk factors that increases a youth's likelihood of offending.
7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Economically Motivated Offenders Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5132
Sample Questions
Q1) The Criminal Code of Canada divides fraud into two categories: fraud under $1000 and fraud over $1000.
A)True
B)False
Q2) White-collar criminals tend to work for companies other than those they steal from.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The assessment approach that is most commonly used to assess risk for gang crimes is the Level of Service Inventory-Revised.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Unlike violent crimes,perpetrators of white-collar crime are just as likely to be female.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define and briefly discuss the scope of organized crime in Canada.
Q6) How is theft defined in the Canadian Criminal Code?
Q8) Explain the two broad types of white collar crime. Page 8
Q7) Discuss the role of street gangs in organized crime.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 7: Substance Abusing Offenders Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5133
Sample Questions
Q1) There is growing public support for both the decriminalization and legalization of marijuana in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Canada,rates of recreational marijuana use are estimated to be ______ for all adults and _____ for young adults.
A)70-75%; 5-10%
B)5-10%; 30-35%
C)20-30%; 10-15%
D)10-15%; 20-30%
Q3) Methadone maintenance programs are designed to treat addiction to:
A)opiates
B)stimulants
C)marijuana
D)alcohol
Q4) Describe the four circumstances where drug treatment courts could serve as an alternative to a traditional court.
Q5) Describe the Disease Model of addiction to substances.
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Violent Offending Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5134
Sample Questions
Q1) The main difference between hostile and instrumental aggression is the concept of premeditation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the four key approaches to assessing risk of recidivism for violent offenders.
Q3) Effect sizes for violent recidivism are highest for treatments where offenders are assigned homework and engage in role playing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following risk assessment instruments is used to estimate risk for acts of violent terrorism?
A)VRAG-R
B)HCR-20
C)SAQ
D)VERA
Q5) All acts of terrorism involve violence against a person.
A)True
B)False
11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5135
Sample Questions
Q1) In 2013,one of the main research findings from the World Health Organization (WHO) in their review of 79 countries was that:
A)East Asia has the highest rate of violence in intimate relationships
B)intimate partner violence has become less of a societal concern over time
C)the global lifetime prevalence of violence in intimate relationships is 30%
D)males are more likely to be killed by their intimate partners than females
Q2) Intimate partner violence is the most prevalent form of violence in society.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the findings from the General Social Survey by Statistics Canada (2009) about the prevalence and nature of intimate partner violence.
Q4) Explain how "intimate partner violence" is defined and describe the different types of abuse that exist.
Q5) Chan et al.(2008) found in a survey of university studies that Mexico has the highest % of general assaults in dating relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the patriarchal and social learning theories of intimate violence.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Mentally Disordered Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5136
Sample Questions
Q1) Male offenders tend to have higher rates of psychiatric diagnoses and hospital admissions,and are prescribed more psychiatric medication prior to incarceration than female offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When individuals who present with serious mental health issues come into conflict with the court,they will end up in psychiatric hospitals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The leading cause of unnatural death among federal inmates is:
A)unsafe physical conditions in prison
B)suicide
C)murder by fellow inmates
D)overdose
Q4) The most common type of personality disorder found in female prison populations are antisocial and schizotypal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the concept of mens rea.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 11: Psychopathic Offenders Psychology of Criminal
Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5137
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are recommendations that have been made about ways to increase the success of treatment for psychopaths except:
A)using cognitive-behavioural treatments
B)permitting poorly motivated offenders to drop out of treatment
C)giving offenders pharmacological agents that increase amygdala activity
D)targeting deficits in response modulation
Q2) Discuss major concerns that have been raised with respect to the assessment of psychopathic traits in youth and the research studies that have addressed these issues.
Q3) One type of psychopath that has yet to be studied is the elderly psychopath.
A)True B)False
Q4) If a psychopath suffers from brain impairments that predispose him to commit impulsive violence,should we hold him fully accountable for his behaviour? Describe arguments made in the textbook for and against holding psychopaths responsible for their actions.
Q5) Discuss the genetic and neurological basis of psychopathy.
Q6) Until recently,psychopathy was assumed to be largely untreatable.
A)True B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 12: Sexual Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5138
Sample Questions
Q1) There is clear evidence that sexual offending is on the rise in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The age group that is at the highest risk for sexual victimization is:
A)children
B)teenagers
C)young adults
D)older adults
Q3) Which risk assessment instrument is used to predict sexual offence recidivism in adolescents specifically?
A)ERASOR
B)Static-99
C)VRS-SO
D)PCL: YV
Q4) What is the association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual offending?
Q5) Describe the Static-99,a risk assessment instrument used to predict sexual offence recidivism.
Q6) Teens are more likely to commit sexual offences than adults.
A)True
B)False Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 13: Female Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5139
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the specific treatment targets for female offenders.
Q2) Greenfeld and Snell (1999) identified that when females commit non-familial homicide,there is some evidence that their motives are:
A)more likely to be drug- or alcohol-related than for males
B)more linked to survival motives than for males
C)the mirror of the motivation of males
D)based on economic necessity or safely needs
Q3) Girls and women commit substantially less criminal behaviour than boys and men. A)True
B)False
Q4) Contrast the major differences between the feminist pathways perspective and the Personal,Interpersonal,and Community - Reinforcement (PIC-R) theory.What are the major strengths and weaknesses of each approach?
Q5) Historically,crime committed by females has been highly sensationalized and thus,has been a common area of study and research.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the "offence gestalt" differences between females and males.
Page 17
Q7) Describe the limitations of the first theories of female offending.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Aboriginal Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5140
Sample Questions
Q1) Aboriginal offenders are rated as being "higher need" than non-Aboriginal across the entire range of domains.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Aboriginal-specific risk assessment tools are specifically designed to guide management of an offender and are not designed to assess recidivism risk.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the cultural aspects that differs in Aboriginal concepts of justice compared to that of western perspectives is that:
A)there is no concept of property in Aboriginal communities
B)in the Aboriginal perspective,only certain people should be able be witnesses and have a say at trial
C)in Aboriginal cultures,refusing to talk is approved as a way to avoid self-incrimination
D)in Aboriginal cultures,refusing to make eye contact is a sign of respect for authority,but may be misinterpreted as evading the truth or lying
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
18