World Politics
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
World Politics explores the complex interactions among nations, non-state actors, and international organizations in the global arena. This course examines key concepts such as power, security, nationalism, globalization, and human rights, analyzing how they shape contemporary issues like conflict, cooperation, development, and global governance. Students will critically engage with theoretical frameworks and real-world case studies to understand the forces driving international relations and the challenges faced by the global community today.
Recommended Textbook
World Politics Interests Interactions Institutions 3rd Edition by Jeffry A. Frieden
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17 Chapters
1179 Verified Questions
1179 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of an interest?
A)A politician is elected president.
B)A politician collects campaign donations to be elected president.
C)Individuals vote for a politician to be president.
D)A politician is put on the ballot in all the districts in which he or she is running.
E)A politician wants to be president.
Answer: E
Q2) What is the primary goal of actors in realism?
A)Money.
B)Power.
C)Conflict.
D)Food.
E)Ideology.
Answer: B
Q3) Is realism realistic? Explain why you think the framework is suitable for international relations,or,if you do not think it is,does liberalism or constructivism make more sense?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: What Shaped Our World
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 did NOT:
A)stabilize the borders of participants in the Thirty Years' War.
B)attempt to resolve any of the religious conflicts between states.
C)call on states not to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.
D)establish sovereignty of states.
E)create the first international organization.
Answer: E
Q2) After World War II,the United States and Western Europe:
A)increased tariffs and other forms of protection.
B)sought to create a single,common market between the two regions.
C)sought to increase their security through the Warsaw Pact.
D)rejected calls to return to a gold standard-based currency system.
E)collaborated in implementing the Bretton Woods System.
Answer: E
Q3) How have international affairs changed in the years since the end of the Cold War?
Which developments do you believe to be the most important and why?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A state wanting to promote democracy in developing countries would be pursuing which kind of goal?
A)Power.
B)Security.
C)Ideological.
D)Economic gain.
E)Material welfare.
Answer: C
Q2) The best example of institutional bias reflecting the history of its creation is the:
A)one country-one vote procedure in the United Nations General Assembly.
B)unanimous consent of the Council of Ministers of the European Economic Community before 1986.
C)veto power of the five permanent members on the United Nations Security Council.
D)qualified majority voting rule of the European Union.
E)consensus procedure in the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Why Are There Wars
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do states use brinkmanship?
A)States are always on the verge of going to war.
B)States can signal a high level of resolve by making a threat that appears likely to trigger extraordinary costs.
C)States can make significant threats but know they will always be able to hold back from starting a war.
D)States know that there is no real possibility of a crisis escalating into a devastating nuclear war.
E)A state can pretend to be taking a tough stand to please domestic groups while secretly negotiating a peaceful settlement with other states.
Answer: B
Q2) How do commitment problems affect the likelihood that war will occur?
Answer: Answer will vary.
Q3) What is the bargaining model of war? How does it explain why war occurs?
Answer: Answer will vary.
Q4) How does poor and incomplete information contribute to the likelihood of war?
Answer: Answer will vary.
Q5) What is the difference between a preemptive war and a preventive war?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 5: Domestic Politics and War
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a diversionary incentive?
A)The leader of a country starts a war to distract attention from his or her government's struggles.
B)After a country declares war,public support for the government rises sharply.
C)The military pushes for more defense funding for troops in the field.
D)The leader of a country that was unsuccessful in war loses the next election.
E)A powerful interest group lobbies on behalf of sending more support to a country it favors.
Q2) Which of the following statements about hawkish narrow-interest groups is true?
A)Their interests are so narrow that their views are drowned out by other voices.
B)They are more likely to influence the government when more domestic actors are participating in public debates.
C)Through their activities they often can single-handedly compel a country to go to war.
D)Their interests usually coincide with the national interest.
E)Their activities create more opportunities for conflict.
Q3) Explain how the democratic peace theory encompasses institutions,interactions,and interests.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: International Institutions and War
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following is there a balance of power?
A)When the United States was the sole superpower in the 1990s.
B)When China refrains from taking over Taiwan.
C)After World War II,when the Allies defeated the Axis powers.
D)When Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to invade and divide Poland between them.
E)When the United States and the Soviet Union had roughly equal military strength.
Q2) Which of the following is an alliance?
A)The United Nations.
B)The League of Nations.
C)The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
D)The European Union.
E)The World Bank.
Q3) If you were the leader of a country,what factors would influence whether you would enter into an alliance with another country? What would make you more or less likely to ally with it and why?
Q4) Has the United Nations (UN)made the world a safer place than it would have otherwise been if the organization had never been created? Explain.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is NOT a traditional way in which terrorists can achieve their aims?
A)Coercion.
B)Spoiling.
C)Outbidding.
D)Provocation.
E)Conquering.
Q2) Which of the following is a reason that retaliating against terrorism is so difficult?
A)States do not have sufficient military intelligence to find terrorists.
B)Terrorist attacks primarily happen in rural areas where terrorists can easily hide in surrounding countryside.
C)Terrorists rarely take credit for their work to prevent retaliation from occurring.
D)There are few international agreements on terrorism and so the appropriate response is not codified in law.
E)The threat of retaliation may not be credible because terrorists often hide in populous areas.
Q3) Will the United States ever be able to completely eliminate Al Qaeda? Elaborate on your reasoning.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: International Trade
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best describes the position of the United States toward free trade?
A)The United States has always promoted free trade.
B)The United States has always been a highly protectionist country.
C)The United States was initially in favor of free trade but then became more protectionist,and is currently highly protectionist.
D)The United States was initially in favor of free trade,became protectionist but currently promotes free trade.
E)The United States was initially strongly protectionist but has since favored free trade.
Q2) Imagine that you are the economic adviser to the executive of a state.What factors would you tell him or her to consider before announcing a new policy on trade? Which groups in society would you expect to be in favor of protectionism? Which groups would you expect to be in favor of free trade?
Q3) What factors make it more likely that countries will have trade agreements? How do strategic interactions make it more or less likely that a country will erect a trade barrier?
Q4) Explain how trade bargaining problems can resemble a Prisoner's Dilemma.
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Chapter 9: International Financial Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) How well does the Heckscher-Ohlin approach explain international immigration?
Q2) Why is lending capital to foreign countries controversial in the lending countries?
A)Citizens resent banks making a profit on international loans.
B)The profits from the loans are spread widely throughout the economy,which is opposed by the investors.
C)Often when banks make bad loans,their governments bail out the banks with the taxpayers' money.
D)The repayment of the loans requires austerity policies.
E)Lending to foreign countries is controversial in the borrowing countries but never in the lending countries.
Q3) The International Monetary Fund was created to:
A)avoid the dramatic decrease in trade that occurred during the Great Depression.
B)provide loans to developing countries during financial crises.
C)oversee investment in developing countries.
D)provide loan advice to lenders and borrowers.
E)manage the international monetary system.
Q4) Why is there no international institution that regulates foreign direct investment?
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11
Chapter 10: International Monetary Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how an international monetary regime depends on interactions among the governments of the world's major economies.
Q2) Why would a country want a depreciated currency?
A)Depreciation makes imports cheaper for consumers.
B)Depreciation makes a country's exports more competitive.
C)Depreciation makes investment more attractive.
D)Depreciation makes foreign loan repayment cheaper.
E)Depreciation makes wages increase.
Q3) Monetary policy is the government's ability to:
A)affect the economy by using its power to spend on public works projects.
B)raise tax revenues.
C)regulate imports and exports.
D)affect the economy by manipulating the money supply.
E)borrow and spend.
Q4) How are international monetary affairs "organized" in the absence of an international government?
Q5) How did domestic interests and international conditions affect the adoption of the euro?
Q6) Why do currency crises occur?
Q7) What explains why governments choose particular currency arrangements?
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Chapter 11: Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did colonialism benefit the colonies?
A)Some built infrastructure that later contributed to colonial economic development.
B)Colonies traded only with the colonial power,creating an important trading partnership.
C)The colonial powers sent special elite administrators to their colonies.
D)The citizens of the colonial power had special economic privileges.
E)Manufacturing was limited in the colonies.
Q2) What group of actors advocated for a New International Economic Order?
A)Less developed countries.
B)Developed countries.
C)International financial institutions.
D)Members of the Warsaw pact.
E)Western European countries.
Q3) Explain Raúl Prebisch's theory about the terms of trade for less developed countries and their effect on the development policies implemented by poor countries.
Q4) To what extent has colonialism hampered development in less developed countries?
Q5) Do rich countries have an obligation to help the global poor? Why or why not?
Q6) How do the interests of rich and poor countries converge and conflict?
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Chapter 12: International Law and Norms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The international standard of "Responsibility to Protect" is best described as an international:
A)law.
B)norm.
C)organization.
D)court.
E)treaty.
Q2) Why are international laws typically followed by states?
A)Regimes would face harsh consequences if they did not follow international law.
B)International law rarely goes against what a state would already have wanted to do.
C)States tend to fear the international punishment for not following international law.
D)There is little alternative to following international law;disobeying international law is quite difficult.
E)The potential rewards from future cooperation encourage states to follow international law today.
Q3) What role do TANs play in the creation of international agreements?
Q4) How do transnational advocacy networks (TANs)enforce compliance with norms?
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14
Chapter 13: Human Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) States care about human rights in countries other than their own for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A)individuals in these states empathize with humans who are suffering in other countries.
B)states can build more support for their own domestic rights if human rights principles are accepted internationally.
C)states with better human rights records tend to have higher barriers to trade.
D)people have been socialized to believe in and accept universal human rights.
E)the suppression of human rights in other countries could cause civil conflicts that could indirectly affect them.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of transitional justice?
A)A state extraditing a former president that abused human rights.
B)A new government setting up a truth and reconciliation committee.
C)The creation of an international court on human rights.
D)Invading another country to depose an existing regime that violates human rights.
E)A firm changing its name to distance itself from its past.
Q3) How did transnational advocacy networks (TANs)affect the campaign against apartheid in South Africa?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a reason that we avoid changing our personal behaviors to preserve our environment?
A)We seek to "free ride" from others.
B)We know our individual actions will have only a small effect.
C)Our incentives to individually defect are greater than our incentives to cooperate.
D)We believe that the chances of being caught are small enough to risk not changing.
E)We do not wish to pay the costs of such a change.
Q2) The Lima Accord was an international agreement related to what issue?
A)Whaling.
B)Ozone depletion.
C)Climate change.
D)Oil dumping in open waters.
E)Overfishing.
Q3) Why was the adoption of expensive new technologies more effective in limiting oil discharges by tankers as opposed to the cheaper alternatives that failed to change the behavior of tanker operators?
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16
Chapter 15: The Future of International Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why has there been conflict between rich and poor countries over globalization?
Q2) What period marked a reverse in globalization?
A)The nineteenth century.
B)Pre-World War I.
C)The interwar period.
D)The Cold War.
E)The post-Cold War era.
Q3) Why did the European Union (EU)form?
Q4) Will economic inequality be the norm of globalization,or should we expect inequality to shrink in the future?
Q5) What type of weapon of mass destruction is the most prolific?
A)Chemical weapons.
B)Biological weapons.
C)Nuclear weapons.
D)Infotech weapons.
E)Nanotech weapons.
Q6) How does the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty set standards of behavior and monitor compliance?
Q7) How and why is China's rising power likely to affect international relations?
Page 17
Q8) When are new international institutions likely to be formed?
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Chapter 16: Foundations, war, and Peace
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Sample Questions
Q1) We say that democracies are more transparent than nondemocracies.This means that:
A)democracies are more peace-loving than nondemocracies.
B)democracy is fragile and can be overturned by war.
C)it is easier for outsiders to determine the capabilities of democracies.
D)the foreign policies of democracies are unstable.
E)autocracies have faded away in the contemporary period.
Q2) A game in which each actor will always do better by defecting rather than cooperating,even though each actor would be better off with mutual cooperation,is called:
A)Stag Hunt.
B)Prisoner's Dilemma.
C)Chicken.
D)Cooperation.
E)Conflict.
Q3) What are coordination problems,cooperation problems,and collaboration problems,and how do they differ?
Q4) What is the distinction between alliances and collective security organizations? Give two examples of each.
Q5) How are war outcomes and leadership fate tied into democracy and autocracy?
Page 18
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Chapter
Politics, and Looking Ahead
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would make reversals in environmental protection more likely? Would it require shocks to change current environmental progress or are there ongoing trends that undermine environmental protection?
Q2) How might globalization help encourage the protection of human rights in countries?
A)The cheaper costs of communication means that information can be spread more effectively and can mobilize opposition.
B)Cheaper transportation allows people to leave abusive countries.
C)Governments can use the Internet to appeal for humanitarian support.
D)The Security Council will be more likely to take human rights cases seriously,if they can see footage of the events via the Internet.
E)Hackers now serve as an additional check on governments that try to limit the rights of their people.
Q3) Would it be easier for a transnational advocacy network to encourage the adoption of a new international law or a new international norm? Why is one option easier than the other?
Q4) Why would a state ever devalue its currency? Make sure to discuss both domestic and international pressures.
Page 19
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