World History to 1500 Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
World History to 1500 explores the development of human societies across the globe from prehistoric times through the fifteenth century. The course examines major civilizations in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, focusing on the emergence of agriculture, the rise of states and empires, the spread of world religions, cultural interactions, technological innovations, and global trade networks. Attention is given to the similarities and differences among civilizations, the impact of migration and conquest, and the forces that shaped the ancient and medieval worlds. Through primary sources and scholarly interpretations, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the foundations of the modern world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition by Marvin Perry(check images and others
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Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) On the map of the world, color in those areas of the world that scholars consider to have been civilized early in the Third Millennium B.C. and then early in the Second Millennium B.C. What areas did civilization expand into during these thousand years?
Answer: In the Third Millennium B.C., scholars consider the areas of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), the Indus Valley (modern-day Pakistan and northwest India), and Egypt to have been civilized. These areas should be colored in on the map.
During the early Second Millennium B.C., civilization expanded into the Aegean region (modern-day Greece), the Levant (modern-day Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria), and parts of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). These areas should also be colored in on the map to show the expansion of civilization during this thousand-year period.
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) According to the text, the eighth-century prophets prophesied during a time of
A) religious upheaval.
B) social distress and moral confusion.
C) Assyrian invasion.
D) failure of the Hebrews to discipline their slaves.
E) social progress and moral uprightness.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following pairs is incorrect?
A) Amos and Judea
B) Jeremiah and Chaldea
C) Hosea and Israel
D) Isaiah and Jerusalem
E) Jeremiah and Jerusalem
Answer: B
Q3) Israel
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) Agamemnon
Answer: Agamemnon was a figure in Greek mythology, known as the king of Mycenae and leader of the Greek forces in the Trojan War.
Who: Agamemnon was a legendary king of Mycenae. What: He was the leader of the Greek forces in the Trojan War. Where: Agamemnon was from Mycenae, a city in ancient Greece. When: He is believed to have lived during the Late Bronze Age, around the 13th century BCE.
Why Important: Agamemnon is important in Greek mythology for his role as a central figure in the Trojan War and for his tragic fate upon returning home from the war, as depicted in various ancient Greek plays and literature.
Q2) The Athenian city-state experienced all of the following government styles except A) democracy
B) monarchy
C) oligarchy
D) tyranny
E) dictator
Answer: E
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Q1) The Emperor Nerva initiated
A) the adoptive system to provide for competent Roman rulers.
B) a policy to free slaves in their old age.
C) the cult of Mithra.
D) the opening of the army to barbarian enlistment.
E) the strengthening of border defenses of Rome.
Q2) Spartacus
Q3) The Roman constitution
A) evolved slowly and was never written down.
B) was created by Cicero.
C) was written down when the Tribal Assembly was created.
D) was copied from the Athenian constitution.
E) derived from abstract thought.
Q4) Trajan accomplished all of the following except
A) conquered Dacia
B) decreased taxation on the provinces
C) expanded public works
D) provided for the needs of poor children
E) strengthened border defenses in Britain
Q5) Patricians
6
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) Torah
Q2) Arius taught that
A) Christ was the reincarnation of Abraham.
B) members of the Trinity were equal.
C) the Father alone was fully divine.
D) Jesus was sent by the Demiurge to deceive mankind.
E) Jesus is God.
Q3) Dead Sea Scrolls
Q4) Was it possible for Romans to believe that the outlook of Christians and the Romans was compatible? What problem could Christian teaching pose for the Roman state? Explain.
Q5) Which Christian church father made the following statement: "What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem?"
A) Augustine
B) Tertullian
C) Ambrose
D) Jerome
E) Patrick
Q6) Discuss the impact of the message of Augustine to the Christian community.
Q7) Mosaic Law
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and Germanic Traditions
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Q1) Waldensians
Q2) How "holy" were the holy wars or Crusades?
Q3) Gregorian Reform
Q4) When the Carolingian line was extinguished, the lords of France offered the title of king to
A) Philip.
B) William.
C) Hugh.
D) Louis.
E) Otto.
Q5) Seljuk Turks
Q6) Charles Martel
Q7) The Pope that called for the Crusades was
A) Pope Gregory VII
B) Pope Benedict
C) Pope Urban II
D) Pope Leo III
E) Pope Philip
Q8) guilds Page 8
Q9) Clovis
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) Jacquerie
Q2) The Canterbury Tales
Q3) Crécy
Q4) All of the following are accurate descriptions of the Great Schism except
A) the schism ended in 1417 with the election of a new pope
B) the Council of Pisa attempted to resolve the schism but failed
C) Pope Urban VI excommunicated Clement VII who excommunicated Urban VI
D) at one point Christendom had three popes
E) throughout the struggle the cardinals were unified behind Urban VI
Q5) Which of the following medieval scientists was the chancellor of Oxford University?
A) Avicenna
B) Robert Grosseteste
C) Galen
D) Hippocrates
E) Albert
Q6) Discuss the idea of "courtly love" and how this idea transformed the role of knights in medieval society.
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Q7) How might Aristotle's philosophy imperil Christian thought? How successful was the church in banning Aristotelian ideas?
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) The Renaissance, which began in the city-states of northern Italy, spread north and west to all the following except
A) Greece.
B) Germany.
C) France.
D) England.
E) Spain.
Q2) The new outlook during the Renaissance applied almost exclusively to all the following except
A) princes.
B) courtiers.
C) talented artists.
D) wealthy urban families.
E) peasants.
Q3) Who published the Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation?
A) John Tetzel
B) Martin Luther
C) John Calvin
D) Zwingli
E) John Hus
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution
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Q1) The Bloodless Revolution.
Q2) Henry the Navigator
Q3) Which of the following policies of Charles I angered the English Parliament?
A) Attempts to collect taxes without parliamentary consent
B) Conducting foreign affairs without parliamentary consent
C) Invasion of Ireland
D) Attempt to impose a common prayer book on the Scots
E) Attempts to limit the power of the church
Q4) By the end of the fifteenth century the ____ had developed a viable imperial economy based on black slaves, gold, and sugar.
A) Dutch
B) French
C) Danes
D) Portuguese
E) English
Q5) Define the term enclosure and explain the impact of the enclosure on landlords and peasants.
Q7) William and Mary Page 12
Q6) What are the main factors that explain the expansion of Europe during the 15-17th centuries?
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Achievements of Kepler include proving that
A) orbits of planets are elliptical.
B) planets circle around the sun.
C) planets move at different speeds.
D) there is a mathematical relationship between the time it takes a planet to complete its orbit of the sun and its average distance from the sun.
E) Each of these was proven by Kepler.
Q2) Thomas Hobbes
Q3) Who published The Social Contract?
A) Locke
B) Hobbes
C) Diderot
D) Rousseau
E) Adam Smith
Q4) ______________ wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
A) Locke
B) Hobbes
C) Hume
D) Bacon
E) Smith
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) Discuss how the reign of Napoleon affected the development of nationalism in Europe. Evaluate the future implications of the development of nationalism.
Q2) Estates General
Q3) In many ways, Robespierre could be considered a voice for liberal reform because he supported
A) rights for women.
B) rights for Jews.
C) expanding crimes punishable by capital punishment.
D) revoking all voting rights for nobles who believed in royalism.
E) the use of slavery in French territories.
Q4) Albert Soboul placed the essential cause for the French Revolution on A) the power of a mature bourgeoisie whose progress was being confronted by decadent aristocracy.
B) anger of the bourgeoisie that they were not permitted to acquire land.
C) distress over the Brunswick Manifesto.
D) the aristocracy's revival of old feudal burdens on the peasantry.
E) the increasing power of the peasants.
Q5) Discuss the circumstances that led to the Fall of Napoleon.
Q6) Continental System
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the evolution of industrialism in Europe?
A) Britain possessed important and developed natural resources to begin the process to industrialism.
B) Invasion of Austria into France destroyed emerging industrialism.
C) Germany lacked the revenue to develop industrialism.
D) Italy concentrated its economy on foreign trade.
E) Americans provided Europe with sufficient manufactured goods, therefore discouraging industrial growth.
Q2) Who established the "iron law of wages?"
A) David Ricardo
B) Thomas Malthus
C) Richard Owen
D) Jeremy Bentham
E) Charles Fourier
Q3) How did reformers attempt to respond to the changing industrial society? Consider the political, social, and philosophical reform movements.
Q4) Thomas Malthus
Q5) urbanization
Page 16
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Friedrich Schlegel
Q2) The best characterization of the romantics' attitude towards history is
A) lack of interest.
B) a search for general laws of history.
C) respect for and interest in each specific historical epoch.
D) a search for edifying moral lessons from history.
E) history served a didactic purpose by providing examples of human folly.
Q3) romanticism
Q4) Johann Gottfried Herder
Q5) Romantics viewed folk culture as
A) a expression of simple people with little to offer the modern world.
B) a collection of superstitions.
C) the deepest expression of national feeling.
D) deceptive and dangerous to nationalist goals.
E) steeped in past knowledge that had been saved by the Enlightenment.
Q6) What were the political views of Edmund Burke?
Q7) E. J. Hobsbawm
Q8) German idealism
Q9) Conservatism Page 17
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) The Magyars are best associated with which country?
A) Germany
B) Hungary
C) Austria
D) Romania
E) Italy
Q2) On a map of Europe, locate and identify with dates the military actions of Bismarck in creating a unified German state.
Q3) Which of the following statements best describes Metternich?
A) A man of the old order
B) Domestic and international stability was best controlled by monarchs and the aristocracy.
C) Liberal ideas led to revolution.
D) Only a balance of power could restore peace and order to Europe.
E) Each of these statements can be used to describe Metternich.
Q4) Why did liberalism decline and militarism rise in Germany between 1848 and 1870?
Q5) Balance of Power
Q6) Giuseppe Garibaldi
Q7) Zollverein
Q8) Battle of Sadowa Page 19
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) Social Darwinist thought was generally
A) confined to Germany.
B) confined to Germany and Great Britain.
C) confined to Russia.
D) widespread in Germany, the United States, and Great Britain.
E) confined to France.
Q2) On a blank map of Europe, designate with arrows where each of the following persons' revolutionary theories originated: Auguste Comte, Charles Darwin, and Karl Marx.
Q3) Charles Darwin
Q4) Ivan Turgenev
Q5) The alleviation of poverty through state agencies and social reform was encouraged by
A) Marx.
B) Gaskell.
C) Green.
D) Bakunin.
E) Engels.
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Q6) Trace the sources of Darwin's major concepts. Why were his ideas considered
potentially injurious to the religious establishment?
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century:
Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism
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Q1) Which of the following describes Bismarck's influence on liberal and democratic elements in Germany?
A) Protestants were persecuted.
B) Socialists gained seats in the national parliament.
C) Unions were ruled legal.
D) Democracy widened all levels of government.
E) Generally, Germans accepted the restrictions as important to the security of the nation.
Q2) Russo-Japanese War
Q3) Mao Zedong
Q4) Battle of Adowa
Q5) How was it very clear that the new state of Germany would be less than liberal? What checks did the government lack that might have remedied the situation?
Q6) Cecil Rhodes
Q7) Explain what is meant by the Second Industrial Revolution. To what degree was it involved with technological and scientific developments?
Q8) Empress Tzu-hsi
Q9) suffragette
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature,
Human Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Georges Sorel's ideas may be equated with A) hope in the proletariat.
B) support of the bourgeois values.
C) anti-unionism.
D) intellectual support of the establishment.
E) hope in the bourgeoisie.
Q2) Wassily Kandinsky
Q3) Cubism
Q4) Overman
Q5) Max Planck
Q6) the id
Q7) The Modernist Movement may be said to have A) rejected classical and realist models.
B) been intent on eighteenth-century artistic rules.
C) stressed the need for rational control of art.
D) been a conformist movement.
E) rejected the romantic movement.
Q8) Albert Einstein
Q9) Max Weber Page 25
Q10) Werner Heisenberg
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) Tannenberg
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true in describing how nationalism fueled aggressive publics and nations?
A) International organizations stressed self determination.
B) Popular press overheated public feelings toward national pride.
C) Colonialism was seen as essential to national image.
D) Enlightenment theories were seen as archaic.
E) Military conflicts were seen as an escape from the ordinary life.
Q3) World War I had all of the following effect on the role of women except
A) women responded to their countries wartime needs.
B) women took jobs vacated by men in factories and munitions.
C) women demonstrated their economic importance.
D) women's employment after the war remained at wartime levels.
E) women's political rights faced little opposition after the war.
Q4) Verdun
Q5) Explain the reasons that impelled the United States to enter the war. Explain why the United States waited so long to enter the conflict.
Q6) George Heym
Q7) Mensheviks
Page 27
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) Reinhold Niebuhr
Q2) The Spartacists
A) attempted to establish a soviet government in Germany in 1919.
B) overthrew the weak liberal government in Italy in 1920.
C) fought Mussolini in order to protect liberty in Italy.
D) took power in Berlin and held power until Hitler was named Chancellor.
E) remained loyal to the Weimar Republic after the burning of the Reichstag.
Q3) Kristallnacht
Q4) Each of the following was part of the formative experiences of Hitler except
A) a month-long imprisonment for vagrancy in Vienna.
B) combat experience in World War I.
C) the influence of Karl Lueger.
D) the propaganda of the Pan-German movement.
E) rejection for admission by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.
Q5) During the Russian Civil War, the White Army
A) received support from foreign governments.
B) was led by Trotsky.
C) was manned and staffed by compulsory military service.
D) murdered the royal family.
E) was supported by the United States to offset expansionist goals of Japan.
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Chapter 20: World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) The task of carrying out the "Final Solution" was given to __________.
A) Heinrich Himmler
B) Joseph Goebbels
C) Erwin Rommel
D) Adolf Eichmann
E) Rudolph Hess
Q2) Why did Nazi Germany lose World War II?
Q3) According to the primary source in this chapter, Historical Division, War Department, Omaha Beachhead, despite heavy losses, loss of equipment, and disorganization what turned this assault into a successful military event?
A) Naval bombardment
B) Leadership
C) Air power
D) German unpreparedness
E) Weather conditions.
Q4) Anschluss
Q5) Stalingrad
Q6) Nazi Soviet Pact
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Q7) What types of resistance movements existed in Europe during World War II? Explain.
Chapter 21: Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) Each of the following statements about West Germany is correct except that
A) the Cold War acted as a restraint on the German economy.
B) it was in a militarily strategic position in terms of the Cold War.
C) West Germany was much larger than East Germany.
D) it was quickly integrated into the new postwar Europe.
E) its industrial expertise was indispensable for rebuilding the Western European economy.
Q2) Fifth Republic
Q3) Margaret Thatcher
Q4) The division of Pakistan and India
A) separated Muslim and Hindu residents of the region.
B) ended British rule in Pakistan but left a British presence in India.
C) was the idea of Gandhi's for permanent peace.
D) grew out of Soviet influence in Pakistan.
E) was enforced by United Nations troops.
Q5) Both Khrushchev and Gorbachev attempted to reform the Soviet Union. Compare their successes and their fate as leaders.
Q6) Charles de Gaulle
Q7) John Paul II
Q8) Domino Effect
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) Considering the problem with Islam and Muslim immigrants into Europe, discuss the modern mind-set, traditions, and history of both Western Europe and the Mid East that makes assimilation and acceptance so difficult.
Q2) Third World
Q3) According to the textbook, rising anti-Semitism is similar to Nazi anti-Semitism for all of the following except
A) efforts to blame Jews for all the problems in the country or region.
B) media images that portray Jewish people as sinister, devil like creatures.
C) dehumanizing efforts that label them as rats, bacteria, pigs, or apes.
D) accusations of conspiracies blaming them for numerous historical tragedies.
E) propagation of an ideal Aryan race in contrast to the Jews.
Q4) Bosnian Serbs
Q5) Vladimir Putin
Q6) The greatest opposition to Prime Minister Tony Blair involved
A) support for America's invasion of Iraq.
B) his actions in Ireland
C) revising Labour party policies.
D) revamping the requirements for seats in the House of Lords.
E) rejuvenating the economy by reforming public benefits.
Page 32
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