World History Since 1500
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
World History Since 1500 provides an in-depth overview of global developments from the early modern era to the present day, exploring the dynamic interactions among societies across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The course examines the profound effects of exploration, colonization, revolution, industrialization, and globalization, considering themes such as cultural exchange, technological advancement, imperialism, resistance movements, and the evolution of political systems. Through a combination of primary sources and scholarly analysis, students will gain a deeper understanding of how world events have shaped contemporary societies and global interconnections.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Q1) Spanish Armada
Answer: The Spanish Armada was a fleet of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain in 1588 to invade England and overthrow Queen Elizabeth I. The Armada was a significant event in European history as it marked the height of the conflict between Spain and England, known as the Anglo-Spanish War. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy was a turning point in European history, as it marked the decline of Spanish dominance and the rise of England as a naval power. The defeat of the Armada also had a significant impact on the Protestant Reformation, as it prevented the Catholic King Philip II from imposing Catholicism on England. This event also had a lasting impact on the development of naval warfare and the balance of power in Europe. Overall, the Spanish Armada is a historically significant event that had a profound impact on the political and religious landscape of Europe.
Q2) The Edict of Worms
A) contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's accusations.
B) expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I's spiritual authority.
C) called Luther to appear before Emperor Charles V to recant his "heresies."
D) made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.
E) led to Luther's forcible removal to Rome.
Answer: D
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1500-1800
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Q1) The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through
A) ruthless and murderous attacks on Arab settlers in the region.
B) the negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders.
C) scrupulous business practices with local residents.
D) massive bribery to local Arab overlords.
E) peaceful diplomacy between equals.
Answer: A
Q2) A Mercator projection
A) is a rough estimate of future profits.
B) is the shape cast on a map by the light of the moon traveling through stained glass.
C) shows the true shape of landmasses in a limited area on a map.
D) shows the true shape of bodies of water in a limited area on a map.
E) none of the above.
Answer: C
Q3) The first major Portuguese settlement in India was at Calicut.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) Thomas Hobbes
A) felt that man was suited best to be in a pristine state of nature, without government interference.
B) stated that mankind was animalistic, and needed a strong government to maintain social order.
C) was a firm believer in democracy.
D) said that the best form of government was a theocracy.
E) argued in favor of revolution when the ruler broke the social contract.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements best applies to Peter the Great of Russia?
A) His program of Europeanization was predominantly technical and aimed at modernizing the military.
B) His respect for western governments led to increased powers for the Duma.
C) His traditional, conservative attitude stripped away all previous social gains for women.
D) His desire to teach Russians western customs could not be enforced among the old-fashioned nobles.
E) He rejected Westernization in favor of Orthodoxy.
Answer: A
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Chapter
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Q1) English Royal Society
Q2) Scholars devoted to Hermeticism
A) believed that the world was a very recent creation still imperfect.
B) credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature.
C) saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature.
D) retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic.
E) a and d
Q3) Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that
A) the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
B) accurate observation is the foundation of sound theory.
C) the earth is at the center of the solar system.
D) nothing can ever really be proven.
E) the moon is not made of green cheese.
Q4) Compare the methods used by Bacon and Descartes.Would Pascal agree with the methods and interests of these men? Why or why not?
Q5) Galen
Q6) Discourse on Method
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) reason
Q2) Addison and Steele's Spectator
Q3) Although many European rulers desired to emulate the size and grandiosity of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV's palace.
A)True
B)False
Q4) the salon and the coffeehouse
Q5) Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to A) Christmas.
B) Easter.
C) Lent.
D) Pentecost.
E) All Saints.
Q6) Henry Fielding's History of Tom Jones, A Foundling
Q7) James Cook's Travels
Q8) Cesare Beccaria
Q9) In summary, what was the Enlightenment? Page 7
Q11) Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews
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Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) Seven Years' War
Q2) Europe's unequal social organization in the eighteenth century was
A) determined by the division of society into traditional orders.
B) deemed contrary to Christian teaching.
C) least apparent in Prussia.
D) abolished in Britain by Parliament in opposition to the king.
E) became dramatically more equal as the century progressed.
Q3) The young Habsburg empress whose country was attacked in the War of Austrian Succession was
A) Eleanor.
B) Elizabeth.
C) Marie Antoinette
D) Maria Theresa
E) Zita.
Q4) Of the great powers, only Great Britain had no regular standing army, often relying upon German mercenaries to fight their battles.
A)True
B)False
Q5) agricultural enclosures
Q6) Patriots v.the Orangists
Page 9
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Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
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Q1) Girondins and the Mountain
Q2) Maximilien Robespierre
Q3) Napoleon's Continental System tried to defeat the British by
A) a massive invasion of Britain.
B) preventing British trade.
C) causing political unrest in Britain.
D) attacking the British colonies in North America.
E) isolating India from Britain.
Q4) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Q5) the Jacobins
Q6) In what ways did Napoleon's policies repudiate the accomplishments of the French Revolution? In what ways did his policies strengthen the accomplishments of the French Revolution?
Q7) Did Napoleon embody the Enlightenment?
Q8) National Convention
Q9) What caused the French Revolution?
Q10) Germaine de Stael Page 11
Q11) Compare and contrast the French Revolution with previous revolutions in England and America.
Q12) Georges Danton
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Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) coal and coke
Q2) Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century
A) could not keep up with French textile production.
B) was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C) declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D) immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E) was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.
Q3) The first Continental nations to completely establish a comprehensive railroad system were
A) France and Italy.
B) Belgium and Germany.
C) Prussia and Poland.
D) Russia and Austria.
E) the Scandinavian countries.
Q4) Many of Britain's industrial entrepreneurs were Quakers and other religious minorities, in part because they were excluded from many public positions and lacked opportunities other than in the new industrial capitalism.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
Q5) the London Working Men's Association
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Q1) Because of the increased employment opportunities resulting from the Industrial Revolution, the early nineteenth century experienced a significant decrease in crime, especially crimes against property.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Romanticism
Q3) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Q4) During the 1830s and 1840s, did Britain undergo a silent revolution of laws and gradual shifts?
Q5) The most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America was
A) European economic collapse.
B) the Monroe Doctrine guiding American foreign policy.
C) the sheer size of South America.
D) growing support for pacifism in Europe.
E) British naval power.
Q6) John Stuart Mill
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Q7) Did the Congress of Vienna represent a resurgence of old traditions or the emergence of a new international order, or, perhaps, some of both?
Chapter 10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Q1) Although his domestic accomplishments were significant, Napoleon III's foreign policy was much less successful, as exemplified in his failed attempt to install Archduke Maximilian of Austria as emperor of Mexico.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Elizabeth Blackwell
Q3) Whose role was more essential to the unification: Cavour's, Mazzini's, or Garibaldi's?
Q4) In 1871, William I was proclaimed Kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in A) Berlin.
B) Frankfort.
C) Paris.
D) Versailles.
E) Rome.
Q5) Alexander II and the serfs
Q6) Queen Victoria
Q7) Auguste Comte and "positive knowledge"
Q8) The Communist Manifesto
Q9) Franz Liszt
Q10) Charles Darwin
Page 15
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Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Q1) Guglielmo Marconi
Q2) Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan
Q3) Between 1871 and 1894, two major domestic political issues involved the achievement of liberal practices and the growth of political democracy.To what extent were these realized in Great Britain, France, Spain, and Italy?
Q4) the assembly line
Q5) domestic servants
Q6) The upper classes in the late nineteenth century included all of the following except A) the landed aristocracy.
B) the professional classes, including lawyers, doctors, an engineers.
C) the upper middle classes.
D) wealthy upper middle classes.
E) industrial plutocrats
Q7) The chief cause of rising European populations between 1850 and 1880 was A) a rising birthrate.
B) a declining mortality rate.
C) better childhood immunization programs.
D) better human diet in a consumer economy.
E) dramatic improvements in urban sanitation.
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Q1) Britain's Fabian Socialists
A) demanded the immediate nationalization of all British industry and transportation facilities.
B) as Marxists, urged the Proletariat to begin a revolt against the government.
C) refused to participate in the political process.
D) favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.
E) practiced civil disobedience against the power of Parliament.
Q2) Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to the experimental work of
A) Einstein on cosmic rays and gravity.
B) Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation.
C) Planck on quanta.
D) Pasteur on microbes and infection.
E) Bergson on time and the "life force."
Q3) The Boer War was fought by the British in A) Australia.
B) China.
C) Zimbabwe.
D) Botswana.
E) South Africa.
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Chapter
War and Revolution
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Q1) Before the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the general outlook for the future by most Europeans was
A) highly optimistic with material progress expected to create an earthly utopia.
B) one of extreme indifference and reckless abandon.
C) extremely negative, with most people believing that Armageddon was near.
D) largely determined by state agencies.
E) b and d
Q2) World War I was the defining event of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The development of trench warfare in France was characterized by
A) quick advances and seizures of enemy trenches.
B) fewer casualties due to thick fortifications.
C) long periods of boredom broken by artillery barrages and frontal assaults by enemy troops.
D) high morale and assurance of victory among the troops whose use of modern weapons reduced casualty rates.
E) fraternization between the opposing armies.
Q4) Bolsheviks
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Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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Q1) Did anything good immediately result from the Great Depression?
Q2) The European economy did not begin to recover from the First World War until A) 1920.
B) 1922.
C) 1928.
D) 1939.
E) 1946.
Q3) Werner Heisenberg and the uncertainty principle
Q4) Artistic and intellectual trends in the inter-war years reflected
A) a rejection of the avant-garde.
B) a disillusionment with Western Civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I.
C) realistic forms of art, as with the Dadaists.
D) an acceptance of modern art forms, especially in Germany and Russia.
E) a rediscovery of Romantic Realism as the major art movement in the West.
Q5) squadristi
Q6) totalitarianism
Q7) George Grosz and Otto Dix
Q8) John Maynard Keynes
Q9) collective farms Page 19
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Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Q1) the Holocaust
Q2) At the Battle of Stalingrad
A) Stalin's forces suffered their most devastating defeat.
B) Hitler demonstrated the unstoppable force of Blitzkrieg.
C) Hitler realized that he could not defeat the Soviet Union.
D) the United States made a significant contribution to the defense of a key Soviet city.
E) Germany and the Soviet Union were unable to defeat one another and quietly withdrew their forces to meet another day.
Q3) Luftwaffe
Q4) A major source of resistance to the Nazis came from
A) the German people who became effective at internal sabotage of Nazi plans.
B) Communists throughout Europe, especially after the German invasion of Russia in 1941.
C) the Vichy regime in France.
D) the Austrians who felt that they should be the leaders of the Aryan race in Europe. E) escapees from the internment camps who organized resistance movements against the Germans.
Q5) Rome-Berlin Axis
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Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Q1) NATO and COMECON
Q2) The event that immediately preceded and sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis was
A) the Berlin Wall.
B) Sputnik.
C) the death of Stalin.
D) the Bay of Pigs.
E) the attempted assassination of Fidel Castro by the CIA.
Q3) In 1956 in Poland, Wladyslaw Gomulka
A) worked with the Soviets to crush a nascent independence movement.
B) declared his nation's right to follow its own socialist path.
C) tried to assassinate Nikita Khrushchev.
D) started an underground newspaper dedicated to fascism.
E) ordered the construction of a wall separating Poland from the Soviet Union.
Q4) The first chancellor and "founding hero" of the West German Federal Republic was A) Helmut Kohl.
B) Helmut Schmidt.
C) Willy Brandt.
D) Konrad Adenauer.
E) Walter Ulbricht.
Q5) "missile gap"
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World,
1965-1985
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Q1) Mikhail Gorbachev became the head of the Soviet state immediately following the retirement of Nikita Khrushchev in 1964.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The American president who did the most to escalate the U.S.presence in Vietnam was Lyndon Johnson.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Margaret Thatcher/the "Iron Lady" and Thatcherism
Q4) An important figure in the development of an early computer and the inventor of the computer language COBOL was
A) J.Robert Oppenheimer.
B) Karl Barth.
C) Grace Hopper.
D) William Gates.
E) Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Q5) Nixon and Zedong and a "strategic relationship"
Q6) Chernobyl, 1986
Q7) Italy's Eurocommunism
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Q1) multiculturalism
Q2) As of 2009, unemployment in Parisian suburbs that are home to many Muslims exceeded
A) 5 percent.
B) 15 percent.
C) 25 percent.
D) 50 percent.
E) 75 percent.
Q3) Brian Mulroney, Jean Chretien, and Stephen Harper
Q4) e-mail, cell phones, and the iPod
Q5) The reunification of Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall led to the immediate emergence of considerable prosperity in the former Eastern Germany.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy
Q7) perestroika and glasnost
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Q8) What major economic challenges have plagued the West during the 1980s, the 1990s, and the early twenty-first century?
Q9) fall of the Berlin Wall
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