World Cultures Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
World Cultures is an interdisciplinary course that explores the rich diversity of human societies across the globe, examining traditions, beliefs, social structures, and artistic expressions from both historical and contemporary perspectives. Students will engage with key cultural regions, learning how geography, history, religion, language, and economics shape the daily lives and worldviews of people. Through comparative analysis and case studies, the course fosters an understanding of cultural similarities and differences, encouraging respect, empathy, and a global mindset essential in our interconnected world.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology Appreciating Cultural Diversity 15th Edition by Conrad Kottak
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15 Chapters
963 Verified Questions
963 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
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53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnomusicology is one of the four main subfields of anthropology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The American Anthropological Association has formally acknowledged a public service role by recognizing that anthropology has which two dimensions?
A) academic anthropology and applied anthropology
B) ethnology and public ethnography
C) cultural resource management and medical anthropology
D) private anthropology and public anthropology
E) applied anthropology and practicing anthropology
Answer: A
Q3) Adaptation refers to the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses, such as those posed by climate and topography.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hunting is a distinctive human activity not shared with the apes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In anthropology, cultural relativism is not a moral position but a methodological one. It states that
A) because cultural values vary between cultures, they cannot be analyzed and compared.
B) some cultures are relatively better than others.
C) in order to understand another culture fully, we must try to understand how the people in that culture see things.
D) to understand another culture, we must try to use tactics to jar people so that their true view of things is revealed.
E) to bring about desired cultural change, anthropologists should act as emissaries of the most evolved cultural values.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The view that each element of culture, such as the culture trait or trait complex, has its own distinctive history, and that social forms (such as totemism in different societies) that might look similar are not comparable because of their different histories, is known as
A) historical particularism.
B) cultural generalism.
C) the Boasian approach.
D) structural functionalism.
E) comparative functionalism.
Answer: A
Q2) Traditionally, ethnographers have tried to understand the whole of a particular culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The etic perspective refers to a non-scientific perspective.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Applying Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the relevance of the ethnographic method for modern society, contemporary problems, and applied anthropology.
Q2) Applied anthropology is
A) the purely academic dimension of anthropology.
B) the term used for all anthropological research programs.
C) the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems.
D) rarely possible, as anthropological studies are not practical in the "real world."
E) is not guided by anthropological theory.
Q3) Developmental anthropology is the branch of applied anthropology that focuses on social issues in, and the cultural dimensions of, moral development.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Health care systems refers to the nationalized health care services that exist only in core industrial nations.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Language and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnosemantics studies how different members of different linguistic groups organize, categorize, and classify their experiences and perceptions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is pidgin?
A) A partial language that results from primitive tribes' attempts to learn the language of a modern industrialized state.
B) A mixed language that develops to ease communication between members of different cultures in contact, usually in situations of trade or colonial domination.
C) A rhythmic sublanguage present in any human language as the result of a universally shared mutation.
D) A set of languages believed to be most like the original human language, spoken by a small population of Indian Ocean islanders.
E) Metalanguage developed by computer programmers that has yielded valuable insights into the workings of the human brain.
Q3) What is linguistic relativity? Illustrate how it applies to languages and to dialects of English.
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Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Race
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Q1) Higher amounts of melanin in the skin inhibit the body's ability to manufacture vitamin D. This confers an adaptive advantage in environments with excessive sun exposure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Human biological differences are evident only to individuals who wrongfully sustain the validity of human races.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A key element of multiculturalism is its respect for ethnic diversity. A)True
B)False
Q4) The only chance for human racial classification schemes to work is to shift from using phenotypic to genotypic characteristics of human populations.
A)True B)False
Q5) Physical features cluster into discrete genetic units. A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Making a Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generalized reciprocity
A) is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged.
B) is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies.
C) usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle.
D) disappears with the origin of the state.
E) is exemplified by silent trade.
Q2) Throughout the many years that Kottak has been doing research among the nonindustrial Betsileo of Madagascar, he has witnessed the impact of globalization on their livelihood. All of the following have threatened the traditional fabric of Betsileo life
EXCEPT
A) agricultural intensification caused by population pressure.
B) the breakdown of social and political order, fueled by an increasing demand for cash.
C) the growing threat of cattle thieves, some of them relatively well-educated young men looking to make some cash.
D) the increased presence of anthropologists collaborating with local leaders to preserve their ancestral lands.
E) emigration.
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Chapter 8: Political Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The influential sociologist Max Weber defined which three related dimensions of social stratification?
A) wealth, power, and prestige
B) cultural capital, power, and population control
C) superordinate, ordinate, and subordinate
D) judiciary, enforcement, and fiscal
E) selfishness, greed, and ignorance
Q2) Modern foragers are not Stone Age relics, living fossils, lost tribes, or noble savages. Still, to the extent that foraging has been the basis of their subsistence, contemporary and recent hunter-gatherers
A) are the closest we can come to studying true human nature.
B) illustrate links between a foraging economy and the emergence of social stratification.
C) suggest that the most basic motive driving human survival is the need for power.
D) can illustrate links between a foraging economy and other aspects of society and culture, such as their sociopolitical organization.
E) illustrate the social precursors to hegemony.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to anthropologist Ann Stoler, the economic determinants of gender status include
A) the level of interest rates and the price of oil.
B) controlling one's own and others' trend toward overconsumption.
C) free will and overcoming ideas that associate sin with the desires of the flesh.
D) free will and overcoming ideas that split the mind and body.
E) freedom or autonomy in terms of disposing of one's labor and its fruits, and social power: control over the lives, labor, and produce of others.
Q2) The relative gender equality found in horticultural societies most likely characterizes the most natural state of gender differentiation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Reasons why there are so many single-parent families headed by women include male migration, divorce, abandonment, and the idea that women are responsible for the children.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Families, Kinship, and Descent
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Sample Questions
Q1) Comparing notions of family between the United States and Brazil, the extended family still plays a central role for most Brazilians.
A)True
B)False
Q2) With unilineal descent, one's lineage affiliation is ascribed at birth, but with ambilineal descent, lineage affiliation is more fluid, because each member chooses his or her own descent group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a lineal system of kinship terminology, which of the following pairs would be called by the same term?
A) M and FZ
B) M and MZ
C) FB and MB
D) FB and FZ
E) F and FB
Q4) Members of a clan are descended from a common apical ancestor.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) "A person can have multiple spouses without ever getting divorced." Using the concepts you have learned in this chapter, explain this seemingly contradictory statement.
Q2) In South Sudan, a Nuer woman can marry a woman if her father has only daughters but no male heirs. This is done to maintain the patrilineage. The "wife" has sex with one or more men until she gets pregnant. The children born are then accepted as the offspring of both the female husband and the wife. What is important in this example is
A) the fact that only same-sex marriages are recognized in patrilineal societies.
B) social rather than biological paternity, again illustrating how kinship is socially constructed.
C) how biology overrides culture regardless of human intentions.
D) how often marriage is simply about property.
E) that it illustrates how romantic love is both universal and complicated.
Q3) Cross-culturally, divorce is known only in industrialized societies where a high percentage of women are gainfully employed.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Christianity is the world's largest religion, with some 2.1 billion adherents, followed by Islam, which has approximately 1.3 billion practitioners. Islam is the fastest-growing religion. This chapter's "Appreciating Diversity" segment examines how Islam has spread by adapting successfully to many national and cultural differences, including the presence of other religions that were already established in the areas to which Islam has spread. An important result of this process is that
A) Islam is far from homogeneous-the faith reflects the increasingly diverse areas in which it is practiced.
B) unlike Christianity, Islam has the capacity to transform local culture profoundly.
C) Islam is growing at the expense of other beliefs and practices.
D) the separation of religion and state is disappearing in most places in the world.
E) the West is losing the culture war.
Q2) Discuss two cases of religion's role in social change.
Q3) According to Edward Tylor, religion evolved from polytheism to animism to monotheism.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Arts, Media, and Sports
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Q1) In nonindustrial societies, artists
A) tend to be full-time specialists.
B) tend to be part-time specialists.
C) do not exist.
D) are relegated to the hidden transcript of the social contract.
E) tend to display their work exclusively in galleries.
Q2) Folk art, music, and lore refer to the
A) unrefined manifestations of human creativity produced by illiterate societies. B) expressive cultures of ordinary people.
C) forms of artistic expression found in the New World prior to the arrival of Columbus. D) forms of artistic expression that exist independently of any given cultural system. E) manifestations of human creativity that siblings exchange with their progenitors.
Q3) Catharsis is an intense emotional release. A)True
B)False
Q4) Where is art found? Is art found in the same contexts in all kinds of societies?
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Chapter 14: The World System and Colonialism
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Q1) Life in nations in the periphery is characterized by high percentages of poverty and frequent food shortages brought on by a high level of stratification between a small number of large landowners and landless workers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What best typifies the intervention philosophy of the French empire?
A) carte blanche
B) savoir-faire
C) coup d'état
D) mission civilisatrice
E) nom de plume
Q3) According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification?
A) the means of production, mode of production, and measure of production
B) status, exchange, and religion
C) gender, ethnicity, and race
D) wealth, power, and prestige
E) age, gender, and ethnicity
Q4) Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the possible consequences experienced after the "shock phase" of an encounter between indigenous societies and more powerful outsiders?
A) increased mortality
B) a broad-spectrum revolution
C) fragmentation of kin groups
D) damaged social support systems
E) disrupted subsistence
Q2) The spread of environmentalism may expose radically different notions about the rights and values of plants and animals versus humans. Fortunately, it is clear to everyone that certain animal rights trump other rights.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Postmodernism refers to the breakdown of traditional categories, standards, and boundaries in favor of a more fluid, context-dependent set of identities.
A)True
B)False
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