World Cultures Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
World Cultures explores the diverse social, religious, artistic, and historical traditions that shape human societies across the globe. Students will examine the customs, beliefs, and daily practices of various cultures, gaining insight into the ways in which geography, history, and cultural exchange have influenced societies past and present. Through comparative analysis, critical discussions, and case studies, the course encourages understanding and appreciation of both the unique and universal aspects of human civilization.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective 8th Edition by Raymond Scupin
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18 Chapters
1138 Verified Questions
1138 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The evolution of human teeth is a subject studied by:
A) archaeologists
B) social anthropologists
C) forensic anthropologists
D) physical anthropologists
Answer: D
Q2) The study of life at plantations in the southern U.S. would be called "classical archaeology."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Most of the research of anthropologist Bambi Schieffelin falls under the category of:
A) sociolinguistics
B) ethnomusicology
C) forensic anthropology
D) prehistoric archaeology
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Human Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cro-Magnon people were the first humans to domesticate cattle and sheep.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The term "archaeological culture" refers to:
A) what archaeologists do to investigate the past
B) expressions of ethnic identity in material remains
C) variation in Upper Paleolithic technologies
D) prehistoric sculpture and cave painting
Answer: B
Q3) One of the most important tool types invented by Homo erectus was the:
A) Mousterian hammerstone
B) Clovis projectile point
C) Neolithic grinding stone
D) Acheulian hand axe
Answer: D
Q4) Cro-Magnon people had the technology to start a fire whenever one was needed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of ethnocentrism would be the belief that:
A) women should stay at home and raise children
B) societies that practice polygamy are evil
C) children should not be allowed to work full time
D) alcoholism is a major problem for Native Americans
Answer: B
Q2) Culture can be defined as a shared way of life that includes values, beliefs, and norms that are transmitted within a particular society from generation to generation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Most people in a given society assume that their beliefs are rational and firmly grounded in common sense.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Process of Enculturation: Psychological and Cognitive Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evolutionary psychologists emphasize innate human predispositions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The "windigo psychosis" is characterized by:
A) an insatiable craving for human flesh
B) uncontrollable, random violence
C) wild screaming of obscenities
D) obsessive eating and regurgitation
Q3) Incest avoidance is a universal practice among all known human societies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Individualism is valued differently in different cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Patterns of human sexuality are strongly influenced by culture.
A)True
B)False
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Q6) What are some of the ways in which decisions influenced by one's culture can regularly override basic human drives to: 1) eat, 2) sleep, and 3) have sex?
Chapter 5: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociolinguists have found that societies who maintain social inequalities and hierarchies often have different forms of the same language used for addressing higher or lower status individuals, kin versus non-kin, and males versus females.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Chimpanzees and gorillas have been taught to speak up to 100 English sentences so they can communicate their daily needs as well as humans.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If an English speaker said to you, "Get out of my face!" you would probably back up and move away from the person speaking to you. From a linguistic point of view, "Get out of my face":
A) consists of fourteen phonemes but only three morphemes
B) is an example of a kinesics message
C) shows that glottochronology and the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis may be more closely related than most linguists think
D) is an example of proxemics in action
E) contains four free morphemes and two bounded morphemes .
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Chapter 6: Anthropological Explanations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lewis Henry Morgan was a lawyer and banker of the late nineteenth century whose principal scholarship in anthropology was concerned with:
A) human physical variation
B) systems of human kinship
C) language acquisition
D) archaeology of the American Indians
Q2) The term "functionalism" in anthropology refers to the notion that:
A) Ethnographers are competent observers of human culture.
B) Some societies are "functional" while others are "dysfunctional."
C) Cultural practices function to fulfill specific needs in a given society.
D) Culture is transmitted through functions like rituals and ceremonies.
Q3) One of Boas' principal criticisms of nineteenth century anthropologists was that:
A) They failed to make use of archaeological evidence for pre-literate societies.
B) Their theories were based on "armchair anthropology" and not their own fieldwork.
C) There was too much cultural relativism in their interpretations.
D) They failed to assign adequate importance to biological effects on culture.
Q4) How would a cultural materialist explain why Muslims don't eat pork?
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Chapter 7: Analyzing Sociocultural Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Part of the challenge for anthropologists in doing field research is adjusting to a different society and gaining a much better perspective of one's own society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Shamans are full-time religious practitioners who serve in an official capacity as the custodians of sacred knowledge.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Both sex and gender are biologically determined.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Small-scale societies tend to have more social stratification than large-scale societies because there are fewer people to occupy the statuses and play the roles.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Polyandry is the marriage of two women to two men.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 8: Band Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) As in U.S. politics, there is much prestige, wealth, and power associated with being a bandleader in a forager society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Social control in forager societies is maintained by a standing police force that wields so much power that most individuals simply do not even think about committing a crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most likely reason why hunter-gatherer technology is limited to simple tools made of stone, wood, and bone is because foraging peoples:
A) lack the basic intelligence necessary to make anything more complex
B) are too busy looking for food to spend time on more advanced tools
C) have not acquired knowledge of more sophisticated technologies
D) substitute profound knowledge of their environment for complex tools
Q4) Evaluate the hypothesis that suggests, in societies where female contributions to the food supply are less critical or less valued than the male's contribution, female status is lower.
Q5) If you were a hunter-gatherer, where would you prefer to live and why?
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Chapter 9: Tribes
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the descent group of a man transfers some of its wealth to the descent group of a woman at or around the time of their marriage, this practice is known as:
A) bondage
B) levirate
C) bridewealth
D) chattel
Q2) "Since kinship, marriage, and residence rules are ideal rules, they can never be violated or changed." Comment on this quote.
Q3) Levi-Strauss has used the term "generalized exchange" to refer to a cycle of marital exchange in which, among Lineages A, B, and C:
A) men of each lineage always marry within their lineage
B) men of Lineages A and B always marry women from Lineage C
C) Lineage B always gives women to Lineage A, but takes its wives from Lineage C
D) men of each lineage always marry outside of their lineage
Q4) Polygyny appears to be an ecologically and economically adaptive strategy for many tribal societies.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Chiefdoms
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a potlatch among the Northwest Coast Indians, the more gifts that were given or destroyed by a chief, the higher his status.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If you were an archaeologist investigating an ancient society, what special features of the physical remains (houses, burials, artifacts, artwork, etc.) would tell you the society was a chiefdom?
Q3) Through the control of resources and surplus goods, chiefs were able to ensure loyalty and deference from the general population. This status and authority en?abled the chiefs to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A) recruit armies
B) distribute land and water rights to certain families
C) sentence someone to death for violating social norms
D) maintain absolute power over their subjects
Q4) Polygyny, or the practice of one chief having many wives, was rare in chiefdom societies because it diluted the power of a single ruling lineage.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Agricultural States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism are considered religions because their spiritual messages apply to all of humanity rather than just their own cultural history and legacy.
A) ecclesiastical
B) animistic
C) universalistic
D) volatile
E) restrained
Q2) A civilization is a complex society that includes such things as an urban center, extensive food surpluses, a specialized division of labor, a method of record keeping, and monumental architecture.
A)True
B)False
Q3) States differ structurally from bands, tribes, and chiefdoms by having a bureaucratic or governmental organization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How do property rights differ in agricultural states from those in forager and tribal societies?
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Chapter 12: Industrial States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karl Marx, in contrast to the views espoused by Adam Smith:
A) argued that a market exchange and competition would bring prosperity and high wages to all segments of society
B) offered a gloomier picture of industrial societies by suggesting that a market economy would bring about misery for millions of people
C) suggested that the best way to have a free, democratic, and prosperous society was for the government to take control of the land, resources, and production
D) felt that forager, horticulturalist, and pastoralist societies could all be transformed into modern market economy states within 10 to 15 years
Q2) An oligopoly occurs when a few very large corporations control production in major industries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the processes whereby industrialization affects the status of elderly individuals? How can we explain the high status of the aged in societies like Japan and Russia?
Q4) How does industrialization affect the family, kinship, marriage, and divorce?
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Chapter 13: Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using one example of each, compare and contrast a First World, a Second World, and Third World country with one another. What would need to happen in order for your Third World example to become a member of the First World?
Q2) Based on your own knowledge, do you agree with what modernization theory has to say about traditionalism? Do you believe that traditional attitudes of reciprocity will always work against the drive for individual economic success? Why or why not?
Q3) The introduction of a cash economy has disrupted traditional Ju/'hoansi patterns of:
A) egalitarianism and reciprocity
B) food storage and redistribution
C) centralized decision-making
D) rapid population growth
Q4) The term "Second World" is used to refer to:
A) modern, industrialized nation-states
B) what used to be called the Soviet Union and other communist countries
C) undeveloped, nonindustrialized countries
D) traditional, pre-state societies affected by contact with the modern world
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Chapter 14: Globalization in Latin America, africa, and the Caribbean
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Sample Questions
Q1) What were the effects of colonialism on the politics of African nations? What are some of the characteristics of African nations today that can be traced directly to the colonial experience?
Q2) According to Oscar Lewis, a "culture of poverty" results from the lack of economic opportunities in slum neighborhoods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) East Africa was colonized primarily by the:
A) Spanish and Portuguese
B) French and Dutch
C) British and Germans
D) West Africans
Q4) What are some of the ways in which agricultural production administrated by the United Fruit Company in Latin America resembled the hacienda system? What are some of the ways in which it differed?
Q5) In the late 19th century, the government of Belgium established a brutal colony in the Congo.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Globalization in the Middle East and Asia
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Sample Questions
Q1) One country in Asia that escaped colonization was Thailand.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The "Great Leap Forward" was a Chinese movement aimed at achieving a/an economy.
A) centralized
B) decentralized
C) capitalist
D) industrialized
Q3) Muhammad, the last prophet of Islam, was born in A.D. 570 in the city of:
A) Jerusalem
B) Babylon
C) Cairo
D) Mecca
Q4) Ho Chi Minh led a successful defeat of the , preventing them from reestablishing a colonial regime in .
A) British, Burma
B) Dutch, Thailand
C) Japanese, the Philippines
D) French, Vietnam
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Chapter 16: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) African Americans had the largest demographic increase compared to other ethnic groups, according to the 2000 census.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All humans categorize race and ethnic groups in the same cognitive manner.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "Scientific racism" was used to:
A) implement multicultural education
B) justify the annihilation of millions of Jews
C) identify human genetic codes
D) categorize norms, values, and mores
Q4) Give examples of groups living in the United States who would fit the "circumstantialist model" and the "primordialist model" of ethnicity.
Q5) The United States continues to only allow white European immigrants across its borders.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Contemporary Global Trends
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Q1) Can an anthropologist make a difference in the changing world of today, or is the world in need of engineers and technicians who can invent new ways to solve problems? That is, how can the anthropological perspective be used to examine global issues such as overpopulation, deforestation, global warming, and the loss of biodiversity?
Q2) Newly industrializing economies (NICs) in Asia have benefited from investments by multinational corporations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Anthropologist Marvin Harris has suggested that the entire fabric of society in the former Soviet Union was undermined by:
A) Marxist theories of social organization
B) influence from the cultures of the U.S. and Europe
C) widespread racial prejudice and ethnic conflict
D) deficiencies in economic infrastructure
Q4) The Green Revolution has been successful in every part of the world where it has been implemented.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Applied Anthropology
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Q1) Sometimes, applied anthropologists become engaged in policy development. This type of applied anthropology occurred when Allan Holmberg of Cornell University became the new patron to a group of Peruvian Indians who lived on a hacienda. This undertaking was called the:
A) Peruvian Project
B) Vicos Project
C) Hacienda Project
D) Applied Patron Project
Q2) The Vicos Project was a miserable failure for applied anthropologists because the people actively resisted the forced change and eventually rebelled, throwing the anthropologists out of the country.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The word "metaculture" is used by anthropologists to refer to a:
A) culture within a culture, such as the culture of African Americans
B) culture that has become extinct, but about which enough is known to revive it
C) culture that seeks to dominate others, such as the culture of Nazi Germany
D) culture that is worldwide and pluralistic, sharing universal values.
Q4) What is cultural resource management?
Q5) Is there such a thing as universal human rights?
Page 20
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