World Cultures
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
World Cultures explores the diverse traditions, beliefs, customs, and social systems that shape societies across the globe. The course introduces students to the key elements that define different cultures, including language, religion, art, music, foodways, social structures, and rituals. Through comparative analysis and case studies, students examine how cultures adapt to historical, geographic, and economic influences, and how they interact in an increasingly interconnected world. Emphasis is placed on fostering intercultural understanding, respect for diversity, and critical thinking about global challenges and cultural identities.
Recommended Textbook
World Civilizations 6th Edition by Philip J. Adler
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54 Chapters
2474 Verified Questions
2474 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Earliest Human Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did society change with agriculture
Answer: Answers would include diversification of labor,private property issues,gender issues in addition to a treatment of agrarian civilizations and their social structures.
Q2) The study of history as a field by an individual is known as ____________________.
Answer: historiography
Q3) Most civilizations developed near which of the following geographic features?
A) mountains
B) deserts
C) rivers
D) forest
E) oceans
Answer: C
Q4) Trace the physical changes in humans from the hominid through the Neolithic Age and describe their significance.
Answer: Answers would include a discussion of physical changes in humans and elaborate on the impact of cranial size on human reasoning and adaptation to the environment.
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Chapter 2: Mesopotamia
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Q1) Which of the following would best describe early Mesopotamia?
A) More people lived in the towns than in the rural areas.
B) Most urban jobs could be obtained with little or no educational background.
C) While many people were directly or indirectly involved in food production, one of the most important tasks was to obtain a fresh supply of water on a daily basis.
D) Slaves were found in al parts of the Sumerian lands.
E) Although livestock was plentiful and vegetables could be easily grown, Mesopotamians had to import their grains.
Answer: C
Q2) All of the following help to explain the decline of Mesopotamia until the 9?? century EXCEPT
A) environmental degradation.
B) population growth that outpaced agricultural production.
C) the lack of any clear leadership in Babylon.
D) a climate that included extreme heat and sandstorms.
E) Both A and B.
Answer: C
Q3) ____________________ were the stepped pyramids in Sumer.
Answer: ziggurat
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Early Africa and Egypt
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Sample Questions
Q1) Place Egypt within the larger context of Africa discussing other civilizations and their relationship with Egypt.
Answer: Answers would include a discussion of Nubia,Kush,Hyksos,Punt,and Meroe.
Q2) Egyptian climate is noted for
A) supporting two crops per year.
B) its volatility.
C) the predictable flooding of the Nile.
D) very few storms, but violent ones.
E) extensive rain for three months of the year.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following was true of Egypt's religion?
A) It was strongly polytheistic, with over 3000 separate gods and goddesses.
B) The ruling pharaoh was believed to be a reincarnation of the son of Osiris and Anubis.
C) Osiris ruled the afterlife, and Anuket served as goddess of the Nile and of fertility.
D) Early Egyptian religion focused very little on eternity and very much on good behavior while living.
E) None of the options are correct.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: India's Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Hinduism,the individual is finally incorporated into a world-soul by achieving a release known as
A) Samsara.
B) Moksha.
C) Dharma.
D) Karma.
E) Jati.
Q2) The oldest and most important of the Vedas is the ____________________.
Q3) The ancient epics of the Aryans were the ____________________.
Q4) Trace the development of Hinduism in India elaborating on its concepts,application and global significance.
Q5) What is the main difference between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism?
A) Mahayana Buddhists reject the belief that there are many acceptable paths to salvation.
B) The world contains more Theravada than Mahayana adherents.
C) Theravada Buddhism is stronger in Vietnam, China, Japan, and Korea.
D) Mahayana Buddhists believe that many other Buddhas will appear in time.
E) Theravada Buddhism is the more literal of the two groups.
Q6) ____________________,an Indian aristocrat,later became known as the Buddha.
Page 6
Q7) The Buddhist equivalent of moksha is ____________________.
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Chapter 5: Warriors and Deities in the Near East
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Q1) In what ways do each of the four civilizations affect/influence one another?
Q2) The Persian Empire had a different policy of ruling its diverse subjects,in that
A) business enterprises and foreign trade were actively encouraged.
B) the kings did not try to pass themselves off as gods.
C) local religious beliefs, laws, and customs were tolerated in return for loyalty.
D) a special law code applying to everyone was enacted and enforced.
E) all subjects were required to conform to Persian religious beliefs.
Q3) Zarathustra was
A) Assyrian.
B) Persian.
C) Hebrew.
D) Philistine.
E) Phoenician.
Q4) The Jewish faith was different than other religions in the area because it
A) was a supernatural monotheism.
B) had prophets.
C) had a written book.
D) All of the options are correct.
E) None of the options are correct.
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Chapter 6: Ancient China to 221 BCE
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Q1) Confucius taught that all human affairs,public and private,were structured by the
Q2) It would be most accurate to describe China during the Shang Dynasty as
A) lacking in the skills of metalworking, making trade with other areas necessary.
B) a mainly rural, agricultural society.
C) protected from invasion by its steppes and deserts.
D) isolated to a great degree, but not as much as Egypt or Mesopotamia.
E) heavily influenced by the Egyptian concept of dynastic rule.
Q3) Moism can best be described as
A) an example of harsh punishment inflicted on the weak.
B) returning to nature.
C) the idea of "an eye for and eye" type of reciprocal relationship.
D) an inconsistent philosophy with no real philosopher.
E) following the Golden Rule of "do unto others".
Q4) Assess the significance of Confucian philosophy in China.Compare and contrast Confucianism with Daoism,Legalism,and Moism.What are the common denominators of these philosophies?
Q5) The two important innovations of the Shang Period are writing and ____________________ production.
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Chapter 7: The Agrarian Revolution in the Americas
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ was a large,notched,leaf-shaped spearhead used to kill large animals.
Q2) Descendants of the first wave of Asian migrants to the New World probably settled as far as
A) the American Southwest.
B) eastern Canada.
C) Alaska.
D) southern South America.
E) Mexico City.
Q3) Which of the following was not true of the Olmec civilization?
A) The Olmecs developed a vast trade network extending as far south as Costa Rica.
B) Olmec religion centered on the worship of feline gods.
C) The Olmec were known for their highly developed masonry skills, as evidenced in the Great Pyramid.
D) The Olmec were the most advanced of the Pre-Columbian Amerindians.
E) The Olmec left behind large stone sculptures of heads, leaving us to ponder their purpose.
Q4) Monte Verde is located in present day ____________________.
Q5) Folsom culture spear implements are called ____________________.
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Chapter 8: The Greek Adventure
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the second Persian War,Spartan troops distinguished themselves at the battles of ____________________ and ____________________.
Q2) The Spartans became unique among the Greeks for
A) practicing slavery.
B) promoting militarism.
C) abdicating freedoms.
D) fostering the arts.
E) supporting education for both males and females.
Q3) For the most part,the Greek poleis were united only when
A) a strong area such as Thebes took control.
B) they fought and defeated Philip's army.
C) they finally gave up on the goal of political supremacy.
D) they all viewed a particular polis as a threat to their independence.
E) they had to face the Macedonians in battle.
Q4) Explain and evaluate the ways in which the Peloponnesian War triggered the fall of classical Greek civilization.
Q5) Discuss Greek history in terms of its 3 distinct phases,elaborating on the achievements and challenges of each.
Q6) ____________________ was the leading city of the Minoan culture.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Greek Humanism, 800-100 BCE
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss and elaborate on the strengths of Greek art and literature.
Q2) Discuss and elaborate on the 3 periods of Greek Philosophy.
Q3) Which of these statements about early Greece is true?
A) Though the Greeks seldom practiced their religion in public, they believed strongly in an afterlife.
B) Priests and priestesses in many places completely replaced the gods and goddesses.
C) Educated Greeks came to believe that the stories of the gods' behaviors in earlier times were myths.
D) They viewed human life in this world as much more dependent on whims of their gods and goddesses than on what they themselves could accomplish.
E) They created a priestly class, or caste, so that their priests and priestesses could grow in power.
Q4) The Antikythera Mechanism
A) was made of bronze.
B) dates to the second century BC.
C) is believed to track cycles in the solar system.
D) All of the options are correct.
E) None of the options are correct.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Rome from City-State to Empire
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Q1) The ____________________ that the consuls had over each other is indicative of the early Roman fear of permanent dictatorship.
Q2) One unique aspect of the Pax Romana was its
A) support for the arts.
B) brevity.
C) special consideration given to the Roman citizens.
D) extensive road system financed by taxes.
E) set of common laws that were upheld in a number of places that Rome conquered.
Q3) What reform did Augustus initiate in military matters?
A) He reduced military service time to ten years.
B) He expanded Rome's borders.
C) He introduced the use of the phalanx.
D) He cut the size of the army in half.
E) He enhanced the army's role in politics.
Q4) Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Roman Republican society.
Q5) Augustus Caesar preferred to be called "princeps," which meant
Q6) The decisive battle of the Punic Wars was the Roman victory at ____________________ in 202 B.C.E.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity
in the West, 31 BCE-600 CE
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Q1) Elaborate on the significance of Christianity to European history through the Byzantine Empire.
Q2) What were the significant challenges of the Roman empire from the beginning of the millennium through the Byzantine empire?
Q3) Identify the outstanding Byzantine accomplishment:
A) The defeat of the Bulgars and Muslims.
B) The re-uniting of the Roman Empire.
C) The Christianization of Eastern Europe.
D) The calling of the Council of Nicaea.
E) The capture of the Jews in Eastern Europe.
Q4) Most of our information on early German tribes comes from ____ sources.
A) Anglo
B) Frank
C) Greek
D) Asian Hun
E) Roman
Q5) Our chief source of information on Charlemagne comes from the book
Q6) The first Holy Roman Emperor was ____________________.
Q7) Describe the impact of the Germanic migrations/invasions upon Western Europe. Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Classical India
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ritual suicide of Indian widows was termed ____________________.
Q2) Under the Indian caste system,which of these jobs would an outcaste not perform?
A) burying the dead
B) working as a common laborer
C) begging
D) selling animal products
E) All of these jobs would be off limits to an outcaste.
Q3) India's most significant Hindu epic poem is the ____________________.
Q4) India's North and South only began to achieve any sense of uniformity after A) the introduction of Mahayana Buddhism.
B) the introduction of Theravada Buddhism.
C) the spread of Buddhism throughout the subcontinent.
D) the near extinction of Buddhism in the subcontinent.
E) the spread of Hinduism to Sri Lanka.
Q5) Southeast Asian peoples generally accepted Hindu-Indian culture
A) through conquest.
B) selectively.
C) entirely.
D) only religiously.
E) only under threat of death.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Imperial China in Its Golden Age
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Q1) The first Sui Dynasty 's most effective agricultural reform was the
A) landlord system, which put all land in the hands of the wealthy.
B) well-field system, which redistributed land every few years.
C) enclosure system, which separated formerly commonly held lands into individual plots.
D) socialist system, which saw all land shared equally.
E) ever-normal granary system, which set aside part of each season's crops for community use in time of famine.
Q2) Confucian scholars magnified and legitimated the emperor's powers through the concept of the ____________________.
Q3) China attained most of its current size and shape under the ____ Dynasty.
A) Qin
B) Han
C) Song
D) Tang
E) Sui
Q4) The greatest of the Chinese historians was ____________________.
Q5) Elaborate on the technological achievements of China from the Qin through the Tang Dynasty.
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Chapter 14: The Americas to the Fifteenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Americas,maize (corn)
A) was one of the "three sisters" of early agriculture.
B) could only support a small family.
C) was, along with chiles and pumpkins, one of the earliest cultivated foods.
D) became domesticated at Tehuacán, near modern Mexico City, about 1500 B.C.E.
E) was cultivated in pits dug into the ground.
Q2) The Inca leaders most often maintained control of those they conquered by
A) making them move to unfamiliar areas.
B) taxing them heavily.
C) placing military forces over them.
D) exacting military service from them.
E) stamping out armed resistance before it could get a strong foothold.
Q3) Some of the features of the ancient Incan society that are similar to those of modern America included
A) a highly regimented government.
B) a very strong class system.
C) a respect for written history.
D) elements of a welfare state.
E) the growing importance of the written and spoken languages.
Q4) Explain the significance of Chaco Canyon.
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Chapter 15: Islam
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Q1) The Non-Muslims who were considered to be closer to an understanding of the truth and,therefore,more privileged,were known as ____________________,or ____________________ of the ____________________.
Q2) Muhammad's teaching was written down after his death in the ____________________.
Q3) Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
A) Frequent and regular prayer to Allah.
B) Fasting as prescribed times.
C) Almsgiving.
D) A pilgrimage to Mecca if one is able.
E) Taking up arms against the infidel.
Q4) After being introduced into places such as Syria and Lebanon,Islam quickly became the dominant religion there,often in response to
A) the sharp divisions within Christianity.
B) the exclusionary practices of the Jews.
C) major military assaults that were unrivaled in their viciousness.
D) the promise of economic success held out to those who converted peacefully.
E) the leadership of Abu Bakr.
Q5) In Islam,Muhammad is seen as the ultimate prophet of ____________________.
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Chapter 16: Mature Islamic Society and the First Global
Civilization
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Q1) In the Middle East,the Mongols invaded an empire already broken apart by the A) Iranians.
B) Seljuk Turks.
C) Arabs.
D) Romans.
E) Venetians.
Q2) Because of economic realities,the practice of purdah in much of Africa and Asia was A) eliminated.
B) seldom enforced.
C) enacted.
D) socially unacceptable.
E) actively practiced.
Q3) The most famous example of Muslim-inspired architecture is the ____________________.
Q4) The most well known Muslim traveler was ____________________.
Q5) The most significant Sufi philosopher was ___________________________________.
Page 19
Q6) The ____________________ is the sacred law based on the Qur'an.
Q7) The cultural,economic and political center of Muslim Spain was the city of
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Page 20
Chapter 17: Africa from Axum, to 1400
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Q1) ____________________ was the capital of Ghana.
Q2) The duty of village elders in African societies was to
A) oversee all decision-making in the village.
B) perform marriages.
C) settle disputes.
D) make laws.
E) lead wars when necessary.
Q3) Elaborate on the social organization of early African civilizations.
Q4) The Oyo
A) predate the Ife.
B) were Swahili migrants to the forests.
C) were the one Christian kingdom in Africa.
D) did not practice agriculture.
E) were the Alafin peoples.
Q5) Which of the following would most accurately describe Sudanic kingship?
A) The king acted as intermediary between the living and the dead.
B) African kings were elected to their positions by members of their tribes.
C) A sick or weak king was viewed as a threat to the survival of the group.
D) Both A and B.
E) Both A and C.
Page 21
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Chapter 18: The Mongols Unify Eurasia
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Q1) The Pax Mongolica
A) lasted for about two hundred years.
B) brought destruction to China and Mongolia.
C) created new opportunities for merchants and traders.
D) was ruled by the Great Khan from Baghdad.
E) lasted only until the death of the first Great Khan.
Q2) The most important technical innovation embraced by the Song was
A) printing.
B) harness.
C) calligraphy.
D) compass.
E) gunpowder.
Q3) The Mongols' tribal leaders,or khans,were usually selected mainly for their A) daring in battle.
B) intelligence and intuitiveness.
C) military skills.
D) wealth and noble rank.
E) popularity.
Q4) The first phase of the Mongol conquests included a failed attempt to conquer
Page 22
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Chapter 19: Japan and Southeast Asia
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Q1) The Ashikaga shogun was noted for
A) becoming much more feudalistic.
B) implementing a long period of peace between himself and his rivals.
C) recognizing the importance of the imperial court system.
D) paying a bit more homage to the emperor.
E) participating in an extended period of warfare between rival nobles and the shogun.
Q2) Discuss the religious issues in Southeast Asian history.
Q3) The Tale of Genji offers modern readers a glimpse into the ____________________ and ____________________ of early Japanese society.
Q4) Modern Japanese religion developed out of interaction between
A) Shinto and Buddhism.
B) Shinto and Confucianism.
C) Shinto and animism.
D) Buddhism and Hinduism.
E) Buddhism and Confucianism.
Q5) Difficulties with monasteries and Christianity in general led to the decision to move Japan's capital from ____________________ to ____________________.
Q6) Compare and contrast mainland and island Southeast Asia.
Page 23
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Chapter 20: The European Middle Ages
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Q1) Before the 12?? century,monks and nuns were usually taken from the A) younger offspring of the aristocracy.
B) large families produced by the peasantry.
C) scandal-ridden members of the nobility.
D) already diminutive middle class.
E) better educated members of the community.
Q2) The Investiture Controversy had to do with
A) the emperor's alleged right to select bishops.
B) the election of the Pope.
C) the church's disapproval of feudal warfare.
D) the Pope's alleged right to crown emperors.
E) the Church's right to formulate civil laws.
Q3) The main reason the literature of Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer is significant is because of which of the following?
A) Latin was no longer the preferred language of the educated.
B) They represent the educated who were underappreciated in their own time.
C) Education in Latin was clearly reinforced in their writings.
D) The Church engaged in serious reforms after their publication.
E) None of the options are correct.
Q4) Describe monastic life in middle ages and challenges that new orders faced.
Page 24
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Chapter 21: The Late European Middle Ages and the Renaissance
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Q1) In Praise of Folly,Erasmus called for
A) political reform.
B) religious reform.
C) educational change.
D) the use of vernacular literature.
E) more emphasis on simple values.
Q2) ____________________ was the most significant of the 15?? century English kings and founder of the Tudor Dynasty.
Q3) The best-known Northern humanist,author of Praise of Folly,was
Q4) A common problem for late Middle Age European monarchs were
A) powerful and wealthy nobility.
B) wealthy merchants.
C) lax law enforcement.
D) peasant rebellions.
E) political legitimacy.
Q5) How did the Renaissance affect political issues?
Q6) Elaborate on the significant art,literature,and architecture of the Renaissance.
Q7) In part,____________________ designed the architecture for St.Peter's Cathedral in Rome. Page 25
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Chapter 22: A Larger World Opens
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Q1) The Spanish economic institution forced on Amerindians is known as
A) the slave system.
B) the encomienda system.
C) the system of intermarriage.
D) the plantation system.
E) None of the options are correct.
Q2) Muslims preferred to deal with this group,because they were not out to convert the world,but to make money.
A) Portuguese
B) Chinese
C) Dutch
D) English
E) Spanish
Q3) The slave trade from Africa first became profitable for the Portuguese with A) the shipping of slaves to Brazil, which Portugal controlled.
B) the breeding of new slave generations in the Americas.
C) sales to European noble families.
D) sales to the Muslims in the Arab countries.
E) shipments to the Caribbean islands.
Q4) ____________________ was common among the weakest aboard slave ships.
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Chapter 23: Religious Division and Political Consolidation in Europe
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Q1) As Lord Protector of England,Oliver Cromwell
A) enjoyed the support of a large majority of the population.
B) required high taxes to quell numerous rebellions, including those in Ireland and Scotland.
C) was less successful than his son, who succeeded him.
D) enjoyed cordial relations with the Parliament.
E) oversaw the restoration of Charles II to the throne.
Q2) Intendants were French royal governors first set in place by ____________________.
Q3) Which of the following was true of Maria Theresa?
A) She chose to divide her empire into provinces in order to decentralize the government.
B) Under her leadership, Austria won Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession.
C) She abdicated in favor of her son Joseph when he came of age in 1780.
D) Contemporaries suggested the empress regretted that she selected Joseph over his brother Leopold.
E) She was the first and only female Austrian leader.
Q4) Discuss the impact of the Protestant Reformation on European politics.
Page 28
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Chapter 24: Asia in the Era of the Gunpowder Empires
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Q1) Shah Jahan was the person responsible for the construction of the ____________________.
Q2) Akbar's most noteworthy accomplishment was
A) religious and social toleration.
B) establishment of the Shi'ite state.
C) the Taj Mahal.
D) the conquest of Greece.
E) governmental reorganization.
Q3) The officials of the Sublime Porte were what we would consider a
A) economic advisory group.
B) political lobby group.
C) civil government.
D) religious educational board.
E) None of the options are correct.
Q4) Shi'ites reject all of Muhammad's successors who are not related to him by ____________________ or ____________________.
Q5) Akbar the Great build a new capital at ____________________.
Q6) Describe life within the Safavid Empire.What was the size of the Safavids' territory? How did the empire arise? Describe the rulers who held the empire together.
Page 29
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Chapter 25: Africa in the Era of Expansion
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Q1) By the late 1800s,the French and the British had carved ____________________ in West Africa.
Q2) Explain the lengthy absence of European intervention in Africa.
Q3) The plantation economy of East Africa was originally based on the cultivation of A) cloves.
B) sugarcane.
C) elephants for ivory.
D) opium.
E) grain.
Q4) The African interior was opened to Europeans by expeditions whose original focus had been to
A) explore routes of major rivers.
B) capture slaves for rubber plantations.
C) search for lodes of gold and silver.
D) find the kingdom of Prester John.
E) Christianize the natives.
Q5) The ____________________ were the first Europeans to become involved in the slave trade.
Q6) In Algeria,the French subordinated the native ____________________ and
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Chapter 26: China from the Ming Through the Early Qing
Dynasty
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Q1) Qing invaders came to China from an area in the northeast known as ____________________.
Q2) Qienlong
A) eradicated the Mongol raiders in the north.
B) brought Tibet into Chinese control for the first time.
C) treated Southeast Asian areas as voluntary satellites.
D) ruled the last two thirds of the 18th century.
E) All of the options are correct.
Q3) Most Chinese schools of the Ming period were geared toward preparation for
A) careers in business.
B) careers in art and literature.
C) civil service examinations.
D) careers in the military.
E) foreign service examinations.
Q4) Once could say that the urban population of early Qing China
A) had a higher standard of living than some Europeans.
B) lived in squalor.
C) had little trade and commerce.
D) were all uneducated.
E) had the lowest standard of living in the world.
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Chapter 27: Japan in the Era of European Expansion
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Q1) During the Tokugawa Shogunate,the daimyo
A) served as the true political leaders of the shogunate.
B) acted as the shogun's agents within the empire but retained full authority within their own area of control.
C) controlled about one-fourth of Japan's land area.
D) seldom came into conflict with each other, preferring to use their resources to better compete with each other economically.
E) never quite trusted the shogun and were always looking over their shoulders, expecting him to use their samurai against them.
Q2) Discuss the religious issues in Japan during the Tokugawa.
Q3) The key component(s)to Tokugawa rule and policy was/were
A) the emperor.
B) Christian peasants.
C) the daimyo.
D) merchants.
E) the bushido.
Q4) In the 1600s,the three Japanese major cities were ____________________ than any European city.
Q5) After a 1637 revolt,being a Christian in Japan often meant ____________________.
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Chapter 28: From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America
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Q1) The first monarch to attempt real reform in the Indies colonies was ____________________ of Spain.
Q2) Most slaves went to A) Brazil.
B) Mexico.
C) Haiti.
D) Cuba.
E) Peru.
Q3) Brazil,a colony of ____________________ began as a(n)____________________ plantation.
Q4) Which of the following was most descriptive of women's situation in the Spanish colonies?
A) Women were viewed as morally inferior and not allowed to join the church.
B) Women were believed to be highly intelligent and therefore highly educated.
C) Women were restricted in public but allowed freedom to read whatever they chose in private.
D) Women were to be protected and proper at all times.
E) Women were denied higher education.
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Q5) The ____________________ were rural plantation-villages with a somewhat free wage labor.
Chapter 29: The Scientific Revolution and Its Enlightened
Aftermath
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Q1) John Locke believed
A) that humans can learn from their environment and improve their lives.
B) in the concept of original sin.
C) that checks and balances were important in government.
D) that his destiny was to steer England through the rough waters of the Glorious Revolution.
E) that governmental reform was more important than scientific discovery.
Q2) Interpreting the results of experiments based on observation would describe
A) the Socratic method.
B) the Descartes plan.
C) deductive reasoning.
D) the empirical method.
E) inductive reasoning.
Q3) The majority of the audience for the Enlightenment was which of the following groups?
A) urban poor
B) educated upper class
C) merchant middle class
D) clergy
E) None of the options are correct.
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Chapter 30: Liberalism and the Challenge to Absolute Monarchy
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Q1) Evaluate how and in why the British government's policy undermined the loyalty of the American colonies and led to the Revolution.
Q2) Which of these was true of the American colonies in 1775?
A) Overall, their taxes were above average.
B) Per capita income was higher than in any European country.
C) The Hanovers kept a tight rein on the American colonists, but liberal ideas made that harder to do.
D) The colonists had offered to put together their own standing army so that Britain would not have to bear that cost, but they had been rebuked.
E) About one million free colonists lived in America by that time.
Q3) The British government needed additional revenue after 1763 because of which of the following?
A) European warfare.
B) Multiple natural disasters.
C) English colonial experiments in Africa.
D) English colonial experiments in Asia.
E) All of the options are correct.
Q4) ____________________,by Thomas Paine was considered radical but immensely popular.
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Chapter 31: The French Revolution and the Empire of Napoleon
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Q1) The confrontation between France's king and the National Assembly began in 1789,with
A) the storming of the Bastille.
B) the establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
C) arrest of the queen.
D) the writing of a new constitution.
E) a demand for "one man, one vote."
Q2) The levee en masse enabled France to acquire a
A) redistribution of wealth.
B) radical constitution.
C) army of draftees.
D) state-controlled church.
E) better trade situation.
Q3) The counterrevolution began in protest over the
A) Declaration of the Rights of Man.
B) Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
C) Storming of the Bastille.
D) Jacobin Terror.
E) execution of the king and queen.
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Q4) The executive power during the Terror was exercised by the
Chapter 32: The Early Industrial Revolution
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Q1) Describe and discuss ways in which family life and social patterns changed in the face of the new changes brought about industrialization and urbanization in society.
Q2) As time passed,____________________ and ____________________ replaced adult and family units in unskilled factory positions.
Q3) During the early Industrial Age,middle class families
A) sought to acquire the trappings of wealth displayed by society's elite.
B) began to consider revolutions that would be undertaken to "balance" society better.
C) spent most of their time working and caring for each other.
D) saw their living standards increase substantially.
E) spent a great deal of time traveling and entertaining.
Q4) During the mid-1700s,most people believed that moving up in society during one's lifetime was
A) unrealistic.
B) impossible.
C) easily accomplished.
D) extremely uncommon.
E) do-able if one worked hard.
Q5) The very earliest factories were often staffed by entire ____________________.
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Chapter 33: Advanced Industrial Society
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Q1) Incredibly,Germany's ____________________ and ____________________ production was almost double that of Britain by 1914.
Q2) The event that set off the massive immigration to the United States from Europe was
A) the Franco-Prussian War.
B) the Napoleonic War.
C) the Panic of 1857.
D) the revolts of 1848.
E) the establishment of the German Empire.
Q3) Which of the following was true of early unionism?
A) All unions began as socialist organizations.
B) Marxist revolutionary socialists became leaders of the labor movement in all European countries.
C) American unions were never heavily influenced by Marxism.
D) By World War II, relations between unions and management had improved somewhat.
E) Employers generally accepted the inevitability of union development.
Q4) Why and where did Europeans migrate at the end of the 19?? century and early 20?? century?
Q5) How did Europeans respond to the Second Industrial Revolution?
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Chapter 34: Europe: New Ideas and New Nations
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Q1) Otto von Bismarck's greatest desire was to
A) become part of a country that would consist of Austria, Germany, and Hungary.
B) see Kaiser William I, whom he despised, removed as leader of Germany.
C) create a German state that would exclude the Austrians but would take most of their territory.
D) provoke Austria into going to war against the Germans.
E) unify all of the Germans under one government, headquartered in Berlin.
Q2) In the early 1870s,the majority of Frenchmen were actually
A) Bonapartists.
B) Socialists.
C) Republicans.
D) monarchists.
E) anarchists.
Q3) One significant aspect of the modern nation-state is
A) the development of independent thought and action among individuals.
B) the need for close ties between church and state.
C) the subordination of the individual to mass politics.
D) an increase in social welfare spending.
E) a greater tolerance for members of opposing groups.
Q4) What socialist ideas predated Karl Marx and who were the key thinkers?
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Chapter 35: The Islamic World, 1600-1917
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Q1) Fundamentalist Muslims believe that the main task of the civil government is to
A) punish infidels.
B) protect the believers from persecution.
C) denounce violence.
D) establish Allah's kingdom on earth with "enforcers of obedience".
E) provide support for Muslim religious schools.
Q2) Which of the following was not a Muslim response to outside pressures in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
A) Arab nationalism
B) open warfare
C) grudging acceptance
D) accommodation
E) Islamic fundamentalism
Q3) The British in the Sudan had to overcome formidable opposition from A) Mahdists.
B) Boers.
C) Zulus.
D) Bantu.
E) Hottentots.
Q4) Discuss the role of Europe in the Islamic empires.
Page 40
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Chapter 36: European Imperialism and Africa During the
Age of Industry
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Q1) The main methods used by the French in controlling their colonies were ____________________ and ____________________.
Q2) The majority of Africans at this time
A) lived in rural areas.
B) had increasing complex standards of living.
C) were mostly literate.
D) mostly engaged in subsistence farming.
E) All of the options are correct.
Q3) How did African society change as a result of European imperialism.
Q4) What was the purpose of the British policy of Indirect Rule?
A) To force Africans to convert to Christianity.
B) To assimilate Africans into European thought and culture in order to "civilize" them.
C) To force African traditional rulers to send their children to school.
D) To make use of traditional African rulers to assist in administering the colonies.
E) None of the options are correct.
Q5) Elaborate on the overall impact of imperialism on Africa.
Q6) In the system of ____________________ rule,the British relied on local assistants to help them govern.
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Chapter 37: India and Southeast Asia Under Colonial Rule
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Q1) All of the following are true of the Great Mutiny of 1857 EXCEPT
A) it had nothing to do with British expansion.
B) it was a sepoy revolt.
C) it reveals the ignorance of the British regarding Indian culture.
D) many atrocities were committed.
E) All of the options are correct.
Q2) The European nation with the most significant impact on India was A) France.
B) Portugal.
C) Great Britain.
D) Spain.
E) Germany.
Q3) Elaborate on life under the British East India Company rule.
Q4) The beginning of the end for the Mughals is usually associated with which of the following?
A) The arrival of the Portuguese.
B) The founding of Buddhism.
C) The death of Aurangzeb.
D) The arrival of Islam.
E) All of the options are correct.
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Chapter 38: China in the Age of Imperialism
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Q1) Elaborate on the significant social issues in China during this time frame.
Q2) The forcible opening of Chinese ports to the outside world was accomplished after the British began to trade what product with China?
A) Tea
B) Jade
C) Silk
D) Opium
E) Rice
Q3) From the promises made by Hong at the beginning of the Taiping Rebellion,it appears that he was most influenced by
A) Confucius.
B) Empress Dowager Cixi.
C) opium.
D) Christianity.
E) Western leaders.
Q4) What events and conditions contributed to a sense of deterioration in the fabric of Qing-ruled China?
Q5) The ____________________ Cixi,the last effective ruler of the Qing Dynasty,retained power in China for almost fifty years.
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Chapter 39: Latin America from Independence to Dependent States
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Q1) Juan Manuel Rosas,dictator of Argentina until 1852,was deposed by
A) disaffected gauchos.
B) exiled intellectuals.
C) concerned priests.
D) disaffected gauchos, along with exiled intellectuals.
E) exiled intellectuals, along with concerned priests.
Q2) Latin American politics in the 19?? century revolved around power struggles between
A) liberals and socialists.
B) Catholics and socialists.
C) liberals and conservatives.
D) peasants and nobles.
E) nobles and socialists.
Q3) Juan Manuel Rosas' most ironic legacy was
A) unification of Argentineans against him.
B) peace out of chaos.
C) persecution by his secret police.
D) the end of despotism.
E) the disapproval of international leaders.
Q4) Debt labor in Latin America has been termed ____________________.
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Chapter 40: Modern Science and its Implications
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Q1) His General Theory of Relativity ended the dominance of Newtonian physics:
A) Rutherford
B) Planck
C) Mach
D) Einstein
E) Roentgen
Q2) Einstein asserted that time itself was not an independent concept,but rather a(n)____________________ of space.
Q3) In the Darwinian scheme,God was to be
A) affirmed.
B) ignored.
C) considered supreme.
D) denied.
E) downgraded.
Q4) ____________________ hold to the Christian belief that an Intelligent Being created the cosmos and all within it.
Q5) The ____________________ theory proposes that a colossal explosion was involved in creating the universe.
Q6) ____________________ founded the Behaviorist school of psychology.
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Chapter 41: World War I and Its Disputed Settlement
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Q1) The chief shortcoming of the Paris Treaties lay in their A) leniency toward the Central Powers.
B) failure to accept the political realities of post-war Europe.
C) failure to provide a mechanism for repaying war debts.'
D) desire to maintain colonial imperialism.
E) paternalistic treatment of newly created countries.
Q2) Which of the following best describes the military course of the war?
A) Quick and easy.
B) Few battles or casualties.
C) Consistent action with frequent major battles.
D) One resulting in little damage.
E) A bloody stalemate.
Q3) Describe the positive and negative aspects of the Paris Treaties.In the final analysis,was the negotiated settlement "workable"? Why or why not?
Q4) In the estimation of John M.Keynes,the Paris Treaties would best be described as A) constructive. B) lenient.
C) destructive.
D) practical.
E) Both B and D are correct.
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Chapter 42: A Fragile Balance: Europe in the Twenties
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Q1) Italy was in a bad way after World War I for all of the following EXCEPT which of these?
A) Unrest because of the way the country was treated at the Paris peace talks.
B) The loss of many skilled people due to emigration to the United States.
C) A sense of being ruled by a parliamentary government that most Italians considered too liberal.
D) The loss of wartime contracts that led to massive unemployment.
E) The failure of the government to plan ahead for how to take care of the people after the war.
Q2) Discuss the economic innovations in the interwar years,including the key individuals and nations these were implemented in.
Q3) Elaborate on the experience of the victors of World War I in the interwar years and their outlook toward the future.
Q4) ____________________ is defined as the sentiment/political movement of a national minority to break away and unite with a neighboring country.
Q5) In a totalitarian state,the ____________________ would be all; the ____________________,nothing.
Q6) Explain totalitarianism and how it was implemented in the interwar years.
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Chapter 43: The Soviet Experiment to World War II
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Q1) The ____________________ Revolution witnessed the mostly bloodless overthrow of Czar Nicholas II.
Q2) Lenin had been an exile living in ____________________ and ____________________ before he returned to Russia in 1917.
Q3) Lenin's Central Committee,called the ____________________,included his presumed successor,____________________.
Q4) Stalin's ____________________ called for heavy industrialization and ____________________ of farms.
Q5) Overall,it would appear that regarding crime during Stalin's early years,
A) theft increased while concern about committing theft decreased.
B) embezzlement and fraud didn't happen very often, because people in a position to commit those acts had no need to do so.
C) violent crimes decreased because of the oversight of the KGB.
D) prostitution was rare because few had the funds to purchase such services.
E) the Soviet Union statistics showing a sharp decline in robberies and other theft were completely fabricated.
Q6) The leader of Russia's Provisional Government from March to November,1917,was
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Chapter
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Q1) As a result of the 1923 Munich putsch,
A) the Nazi party was formed.
B) Hitler became nationally known.
C) Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.
D) persecution of the Jews began.
E) Hitler spent five years in prison.
Q2) Within the framework of Nazi economic policy,
A) the budget was ruthlessly trimmed.
B) raw materials were stockpiled.
C) labor's right to strike was legislated.
D) private property and business were intensively regulated.
E) Hitler made all economic decisions.
Q3) After the failed putsch of 1923,Hitler vowed that he would
A) never to go prison again.
B) come to power legally the next time he tried.
C) get rid of all his political opponents.
D) bring the German people together again to show their true greatness.
E) not let Germany be a pawn of the Weimar Republic.
Q4) In 1934,the SA were purged by Hitler's orders in the ____________________ of the ____________________.
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Chapter 45: East Asia in a Century of Change
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Q1) The Long March of 1934 involved
A) the retreat of the Nationalists to Taiwan.
B) the march of the Japanese into Manchuria.
C) the communist migrating from the south to the north.
D) the march of the communist into Beijing victorious.
E) None of the options are correct.
Q2) China's Northern Expedition of 1926 was
A) General Chiang's successful pursuit of warlords who had made themselves into tyrants in several northern provinces.
B) the establishment of a Kuomintang government led by Chiang in Beijing.
C) a widespread purse of any suspected communists, during which tens of thousands of Chinese were killed.
D) the precursor to the Long March of 1934.
E) a march of protest by Chinese students who were upset about several elements of the Versailles Treaty.
Q3) Elaborate on the impact of the west on China,Japan,and Southeast Asia through World War II.
Q4) The ____________________ began with Japan's invasion of ____________________ in China.
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Chapter 46: World War II
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Q1) The Soviet Union and the United States were at odds over many things during the post-World War II era,but the issue that led to the most dramatic confrontation between the two occurred when
A) the United States introduced a new currency, the deutsche mark, into West Germany, thus financially separating East Germany from West Germany, to East Germany's detriment.
B) Stalin attempted to get the Allies to leave West Berlin in 1948 by imposing a blockade that denied ground access to the city, and the Americans had to carry out a long-running airlift of supplies.
C) the Soviet Union began in late 1945 to impose satellite governments throughout the countries of eastern Europe.
D) the Soviets accused, with reason, the Allies of refusing to honor wartime commitments to share West German resources with them, to serve as war reparations.
E) the West chose to ignore earlier plans to hunt down Nazis and bring them to justice, choosing instead to build up German protections in hopes of keeping communism from spreading.
Q2) Moscow supported and sent aid to the ____________________ in Spain,which was battling Franco's forces.
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Chapter 47: The Cold World War
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Q1) A "mixed economy" is one in which
A) the government controls some industries and financial institutions, while some are completely privately owned, and some are in between.
B) members of all levels of the society are able to participate in all businesses as they see fit.
C) a country consciously enters into a wide variety of enterprises in all sectors of business for diversification purposes.
D) labor and management sometimes get along well and sometimes are so at odds that strikes occur.
E) the citizens can never be sure if their economy will be successful or not.
Q2) The ____________________ Treaty of 1992 provided greater powers to the European Parliament and projected a single European currency by 1999.
Q3) In the Communist Bloc during the 1970s,
A) the government banned Western TV and periodicals.
B) the "technology gap" became narrower.
C) the economics betrayed signs of a breakdown.
D) workers were generally peaceful and well-satisfied.
E) significant strides were made toward a free market economy.
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Chapter 48: Decolonization of the Non-Western World
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Q1) The main reason for warfare in Rwanda was A) famine.
B) social animosities.
C) a lack of jobs.
D) poverty.
E) religion.
Q2) Paul Ehrlich's disturbing book predicting future global famine was entitled ____________________.
Q3) The last remaining European colonial power was A) France.
B) Great Britain.
C) Belgium.
D) Netherlands.
E) Soviet Union.
Q4) One of the major problems of the NonWestern world is A) overpopulation.
B) military control.
C) currency.
D) disease.
E) None of the options are correct.
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Chapter 49: The New Asia
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Q1) Economically speaking,the most prosperous areas of Southeast Asia are the city-states of ____________________ and ____________________.
Q2) India and Pakistan have a long-running feud over the region known as ____________________.
Q3) In Southern India,conflict between the ____________________ and ____________________ resulted in the 1991 assassination of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
Q4) The greatest long-term problem for Southeast Asia is
A) financial inexperience.
B) Marxist ideology.
C) population growth.
D) AIDS.
E) lack of investment capital.
Q5) By 1960,a split had occurred in the Communist world between Mao Zedong and Soviet leader ____________________.
Q6) In 1989,a democratic student protest against the Chinese government was violently crushed at ____________________.
Q7) Discuss Mao Zedong's China from 1949 until his death in 1976.
Q8) What specific issues did South Asia face as it gained its independence.
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Chapter 50: Africa's Decolonization and Independence
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Q1) Robert Mugabe has established a virtual dictatorship in ____________________ in recent years.
Q2) Discuss the African economy.What specific challenges do the various nations face and how successfully have they responded?
Q3) Elaborate on the key social issues in Africa since independence.
Q4) For Africa,the Green Revolution has been
A) extremely successful.
B) mildly successful.
C) a major disappointment.
D) a means of joining the world in trade and commerce.
E) an ecological disaster.
Q5) Which of these does not contribute to Africa's frequent droughts?
A) Much farming is done on "marginal" lands subject to frequent droughts.
B) Only about 10 per cent of Africa's land is arable.
C) Overpopulation is a continent-wide problem.
D) The Sahara Desert is extending southward because natural vegetation has been affected by droughts.
E) Leaders have recently been concentrating on the development of family farms.
Q6) What affect has population numbers had on African history since independence?
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Q7) What economic and political problems do the diverse people of Africa still face?
Chapter 51: Latin America in the Twentieth Century
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Q1) In 1948,the ____________________ was established for the purpose of fostering inter-American cooperation and the preservation of democracy.
Q2) The most widely recognized female in recent Latin American history was probably A) St. Theresa.
B) Eva Perón.
C) Carmen Miranda.
D) Madonna.
E) Violeta Chamorro.
Q3) The Panama Canal became the property of Panama in A) 1914.
B) 1978.
C) 2000.
D) 1997.
E) 1963.
Q4) It is a virtual certainty that the United States will never again resort to "____________________" in Latin America as it did before 1930.
Q5) What is economic nationalism and how was it applied in Mexico and Argentina?
Q6) The growth rate in Latin American countries is just under ____________________ percent.
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Chapter 52: The Reemergence of the Muslim World
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Q1) Egypt's Islamic Brotherhood,formed in the 1920s,is noted for having A) made a concerted effort to make peace with secular leaders.
B) adopted the precepts of Wahhabism.
C) publicly condemning all secular rulers of Muslim countries, stating their belief that rulers of Muslim countries, stating their belief that rulers of Muslims should always put God first.
D) been the first organization to use violence, including assassinations, to try to oust "infidel" occupying forces.
E) publicly renounced their Egyptian citizenship because of Egypt's secular stance.
Q2) Explain the ways in which Muslims responded to key issues,for example,the formation of Israel and their actions of expansion.
Q3) In geopolitical terms,"mandates" are somewhat similar to A) city-states.
B) provinces.
C) colonies.
D) towns.
E) occupied territories
Q4) Assess the significance of oil to global politics and the global economy.
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Chapter 53: Collapse and Reemergence in Communist Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nikita Khrushchev's successor was A) Gromyko.
B) Gorbachev.
C) Dubcek.
D) Brezhnev.
E) Yeltsin.
Q2) The coup in the summer of 1991 by communist die-hards was frustrated by A) Mikhail Gorbachev.
B) Ronald Reagan.
C) Boris Yeltsin.
D) Lech Walesa.
E) the Congress of People's Deputies.
Q3) Describe the structure of the Stalinist system during the leader's final years,1945-1953.How would you assess its successes and failures?
Q4) Discuss Eastern Europe in 1898.
Q5) How and why was the Soviet Union allowed to create a sphere of control in Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1950?
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Q6) The "____________________" refers to the period during which the Eastern European countries rid themselves of communism and communists.
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Chapter 54: A New Millennium
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and discuss the world's current situation concerning environmental issues.What is meant by "global warming"? How much of a problem do you expect it to be in America? In Western Europe? In other parts of the world?
Q2) Regarding the United Nations during the Cold War
A) they were able to intervene every time one member had a concern.
B) they were so restricted in their powers that they were never able to intervene.
C) they could only reprimand a country, not act.
D) they were only able to intervene a few times due to voting procedures.
E) None of the options are correct.
Q3) The takfiri are a Muslim group that advocates
A) holy war against infidels.
B) peace talks between Israel and Palestine.
C) a resolution between Muslims in Pakistan with India.
D) a peaceful resolution between the Muslim and Christian worlds.
E) unity between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims.
Q4) What were the different approaches to social reform?
Q5) What was meant by "women's liberation" and what impact has this had on social foundations such as the family?
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