World Civilizations Since 1500 Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
World Civilizations Since 1500 explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped societies across the globe from the early modern period to the present. The course examines the interconnectedness of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas through trade, exploration, imperialism, revolution, and technological change. Special emphasis is placed on how historical events, diverse ideas, and cross-cultural encounters have influenced the modern world, as well as the emergence of globalization, nationalism, and contemporary global issues. Students will develop critical thinking and analytical skills by examining primary and secondary sources to understand the forces that have defined and transformed world civilizations over the past five centuries.
Recommended Textbook
Humanities Culture Continuity and Change Volume II 3rd Edition by Henry M. Sayre
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Chapter 21: The Baroque in Italy: the Church and Its Appeal
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Q1) Giovanni Gabrieli organized his compositions around a single note-the tonic note to
A) heighten the sense of harmonic drama.
B) allow more pitch for the voices.
C) create effects of sonority in a cathedral.
D) enable words to be heard over the music.
Answer: A
Q2) Fra Andrea Pozzo created the highly dramatic space in Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius by using
A) chiaroscuro.
B) foreshortening.
C) tenebrism.
D) an invisible complement.
Answer: B
Q3) Why were only girls in Venice's orphanages given music instruction?
A) Girls would handle the delicate instruments more gently.
B) Girls required musical skill to secure a good marriage.
C) It was assumed that boys would enter the labor force.
D) Venetian orphanages housed only girls.
Answer: C
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Chapter 22: The Secular Baroque in the North: the Art of Observation
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Q1) Vanitas paintings remind viewers to A) avoid the pleasures of everyday life.
B) appreciate beauty in nature.
C) focus on the spiritual, not the material. D) celebrate abundance and pleasure.
Answer: C
Q2) In The Little Street,Johannes Vermeer includes a half-whitewashed wall and a mortar-filled cracked façade to A) show the tensions of domestic life.
B) divisions between Protestants and Catholics.
C) emphasize the differences between two houses.
D) acknowledge the disparity between classes.
Answer: A
Q3) The Dutch state required public servants to
A) have graduated from a Dutch university.
B) not be involved in tulip investing.
C) not be of Spanish descent.
D) be members of the Dutch Reformed Church.
Answer: D
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Chapter 23: The Baroque Court: Absolute Power and Royal Patronage
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Q1) What is the Spanish notion of pundonor,a favorite theme in Calderón's plays?
A) Men were obligated to avenge violations of their women's honor.
B) Duty to king and country took precedence over all other matters.
C) False accusations-violations of honor-led to dire consequences.
D) Men and women held differing views of the meaning of honor.
Answer: A
Q2) Why in 1680 did the Spanish program to convert the Pueblo to Christianity fail?
A) Spain lost its New World holdings to the Dutch.
B) Facing financial crisis, Spain recalled the missionaries.
C) The Pueblo revolted and killed many of the Spanish.
D) Disease introduced by the Spanish decimated the Pueblo.
Answer: C
Q3) Why did Spain enter a period of decline after the death of Philip II?
A) The country lost control of its New World gold-producing holdings.
B) Severe inflation and a loss of tax revenue bankrupted the court.
C) Its Spanish Armada had to be rebuilt following the fleet's defeat by England.
D) It had withdrawn from the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: B
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Chapter 24: The Rise of the Enlightenment in England: the
Claims of Reason
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Q1) Explain the scope and significance of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language.
Q2) Why could so many readers of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe relate to the title character?
A) They felt isolated and alone.
B) They identified with the high moral tone.
C) They were products of their social classes.
D) They had read accounts of real-life castaways.
Q3) In John Milton's Paradise Lost,the character that can be viewed as representing the Stuart monarchy and thus Hobbes's Leviathan is
A) Lucifer.
B) God.
C) Raphael.
D) Adam.
Q4) John Locke disagreed with Thomas Hobbes's social contract,feeling that A) rulers tended to become despotic over time.
B) people were depraved by nature.
C) rulers were incapable of controlling the masses.
D) people were capable of governing themselves.
Q5) Describe three ways the 1666 Great Fire of London improved London.
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Chapter 25: The Rococo and the Enlightenment on the
Continent: Privilege and Reason
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Q1) In Jean-Honoré Fragonard's The Swing,the young lady's lost shoe and bare foot symbolize
A) youth.
B) flirtatiousness.
C) lost virginity.
D) secrecy.
Q2) The philosophes were attracted to China for its A) republican government.
B) Buddhist beliefs.
C) high level of advancement. 0p990
D) simplified lifestyle.
Q3) Voltaire made himself unpopular with both the French and Prussian by A) writing plays that involved questionable morals.
B) openly living with the Marquise du Châtelet, a married woman.
C) stating that the Prussian monarchy was better than the French.
D) criticizing the government and satirizing the rulers.
Q4) Identify and describe two ways Rococo painting differs from Baroque.
Q5) List and explain three reasons the French philosophes admired Qing China.
Q7) List and describe the four sections of Johann Stamitz's orchestra. Page 7
Q6) Compare the courts of Prussia's Frederick I and his son,Frederick the Great.
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Chapter 26: The Rights of Man: Revolution and the
Neoclassical Style
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Q1) List and explain at least two reasons for the post-revolution adoption of Classical government and style in France and the United States.
Q2) All of the following were reforms instituted by the French Constitutional Congress EXCEPT the
A) elimination of the king and queen from card decks.
B) change of the calendar so that year one was 1792.
C) provision of two loaves of bread per week to each citizen.
D) abolition of slavery in all French colonies.
Q3) List and explain two ways Napoleon used art as propaganda,citing two works as examples.
Q4) All of the following were among the three traditional French estates EXCEPT the A) military.
B) clergy.
C) nobility.
D) bourgeoisie and commoners.
Q5) In 1789,French peasant and working-class women marched on Versailles to A) kill Marie Antoinette.
B) demand bread.
C) protest taxes.
D) loot the palace.
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Chapter 27: The Romantic World View: the Self in Nature
and the Nature of Self
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Q1) Frédéric Chopin's most famous pieces-his ballades-focus on A) the exploration of the mood or character of a person.
B) isolation, lack of self-sufficiency, and suicidal thoughts.
C) formal inventiveness within the framework of Classical clarity. D) melodramatic romance, supernatural events, and stormy emotion.
Q2) The lieder of Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann were inspired by A) setting poetry to music.
B) the revival of folk songs.
C) fairy tales.
D) folk dance steps.
Q3) Identify and explain three techniques Goya uses in The Third of May,1808,to convey his message about the horrors of war.
Q4) Citing at least two examples,show how and why the later English Romantics (Byron,Shelley,and Mary Shelley)utilized the Promethean idea in their works.
Q5) Compare the human figures in Constable's The Upper Falls of the Reichenbach to Friedrich's The Wanderer above the Mists,focusing on placement,size,and detail.
Q6) Describe the setting of Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey," explaining how that setting exemplifies Romantic ideas.
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Chapter 28: Industry and the Working Class: a New Realism
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Q1) For various possible reasons,Roger Fenton did not show the dead or wounded in his Crimean War photographs.Compare that choice to the practices of today's media.Argue for or against graphic photography.
Q2) According to French philosopher Auguste Comte,society passes through what three stages on its quest for knowledge?
A) rural, urban, and suburban
B) theological, metaphysical, and positive
C) mythological, religious, and scientific
D) superstitious, religious, and enlightened
Q3) Define "literary realism," and list two examples by different authors.
Q4) The French public and critics objected to Gustave Courbet's paintings because of his A) use of contemporary people in historical scenes. B) use of political symbolism in landscape scenes. C) wild, energetic brushstrokes.
D) depiction of commoners on a grand scale.
Q5) Identify and provide examples of two ways French literary realism differed from British literary realism.
Q6) Describe the living and working conditions of nineteenth-century London.
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Chapter 29: Defining a Nation: American National Identity and
the Challenge of Civil War
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Q1) What other movement did Sojourner Truth and others view as part of the abolitionist movement?
A) Transcendentalism
B) democracy
C) child labor reform
D) women's rights
Q2) Some modern readers find the racist language of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offensive.
Basing your claim on at least two clearly defined and supported points,argue whether the book should be edited to exclude such language.
Q3) Why does Huckleberry Finn decide not to turn in the runaway slave Jim for a reward?
A) Huck would be arrested for property theft.
B) Jim threatens to kill Huck if he turns him in.
C) Huck has learned to appreciate Jim's humanity.
D) Miss Watson would send Huck to an orphanage.
Q4) Describe Winslow Homer's A Visit from the Old Mistress,identifying and explaining the details that emphasize the divide between the Old and the New South.
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Chapter 30: Global Confrontation and Modern Life: the
Quest for Cultural Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define "leitmotif," and explain Wagner's use of it to unify his musical drama.
Q2) Many people emigrated from China in the late nineteenth century to A) escape despotic rulers. B) attain religious freedom.
C) earn a living.
D) avoid imprisonment.
Q3) According to Émile Zola,people's lives are determined by two factors over which they have no control,namely
A) the economy and social status.
B) heredity and environment.
C) class and heredity.
D) the economy and environment.
Q4) In both Two Courtesans,Inside and Outside the Display Window and Visiting (Kayoi),Suzuki Harunobu portrays one woman sitting and the other standing to A) show one as virtuous and one as immoral.
B) symbolically represent an allegory of piety and worldliness.
C) reflect the Taoist principle of harmonious opposites.
D) balance the figures within his grid structure.
Q5) Discuss the irony opium produced in British-Chinese relations.
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Chapter 31: The Promise of Renewal: Hope and Possibility in
Late Nineteenth-Century Europe
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Q1) The pre-Raphaelites admired all of these painters EXCEPT
A) Michelangelo.
B) Jan van Eyck.
C) Sandro Botticelli.
D) Raphael.
Q2) Why did the 13 Russian artists known as the Travelers show their paintings across the country instead of in an urban gallery?
A) The aristocracy disliked their paintings' realism.
B) They desired to spread their message of social reform.
C) No urban gallery would display their work.
D) The tsar feared they would stir up a rebellion.
Q3) Identify,define,and illustrate from specific works three characteristics of the Pre-Raphaelite movement.
Q4) Why were nineteenth-century Americans were attracted to French culture for A) liberation from Puritan morality.
B) avant-garde developments in art
C) history of France's traditions and style
D) empathy for the many rebellions
Page 14
Q5) Compare the main themes of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment and Tolstoy's War and Peace.
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Chapter 32: The Course of Empire: Expansion and Conflict in America
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Q1) Walt Whitman's feelings for America are best expressed in his feelings for A) New Orleans.
B) New York City.
C) himself.
D) the Native Americans.
Q2) The "Panic of 1873" and subsequent four-year "Long Depression" were caused by A) speculation in cotton futures.
B) political quarrels in New York City.
C) failure of a Philadelphia banking firm.
D) a strike by Pennsylvania railroad workers.
Q3) Identify and define three of the four factors that contributed to what became to be known as the Chicago School of Architecture.
Q4) The Lakota and the Kiowa tribes kept a "winter count" to A) determine optimal planting times.
B) mark the buffalo herds' migrations.
C) keep track of the tribes' populations.
D) record family or tribe history.
Q5) Describe and analyze the role and importance of art-both visual and performance-for the Plains tribes.
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Chapter 33: The Fin De Siècle: Toward the Modern
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Q1) List and define in depth two beliefs of Friedrich Nietzsche.
Q2) List and describe three ways the European colonialism of Africa affected the African people.
Q3) The Symbolists presented the human experience by
A) describing the reality of peoples' behavior
B) suggesting instead of quantifying meaning.
C) using simple, ordinary themes and motifs
D) relating everyday life to biblical life.
Q4) Vincent van Gogh was foremost concerned with
A) investigating the scientific properties of color.
B) observing how light interacts with surfaces.
C) critiquing European society.
D) discovering a universal harmony.
Q5) In his Symphony No.1,Gustav Mahler created a jarring sense of conflict and tension by
A) using brass instruments only.
B) mixing classical and folk music.
C) ending each movement abruptly.
D) ignoring the principles of tonality.
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Chapter 34: The Era of Invention: Paris and the Modern World
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Q1) The relationship between Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse can best be described as one of mutual
A) detest.
B) competitiveness.
C) warmth.
D) Indifference.
Q2) Wassily Kandinsky obsessed with color,because he believed it to
A) imitate the divinity of nature.
B) create the most rational paintings.
C) directly influence the soul.
D) enabled him to alter reality.
Q3) Why did Igor Stravinsky's Le Sacre de printemps (The Rite of Spring)earn boos and hisses from the opening-night Parisian audience?
A) Stravinsky was Russian.
B) The dancers were nude.
C) The play was violent.
D) The radical music was jarring.
Q4) Identify and explain the three characteristics of Imagist poetry.
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Q5) Define and compare Cubism and Fauvism,illustrating your points with specific works.
Chapter
Generation and a New Imagination
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Q1) In The Lugubrious Game,why does Salvador Dalí position a grasshopper under his self-portrait's nose?
A) Grasshoppers symbolize death.
B) Dalí was terrified of grasshoppers.
C) Grasshoppers symbolize famine.
D) Dalí found saw grasshoppers as phallic.
Q2) The final episode of James Joyce's Ulysses is considered revolutionary for its A) uncensored exploration of a woman's sexuality.
B) vivid description of the main character's suicide.
C) frank exploration of a character's mental illness.
D) use of Homer's epic as its organization.
Q3) In The Battleship Potemkin's Odessa Steps scene,Sergei Eisenstein heightened tension and emotional impact by
A) alternating between traveling and fixed shots.
B) using different rhythms of music.
C) speeding up the rate of the sequence.
D) shooting the film from behind the soldiers
Q4) The Russian Suprematists sought to discover what most minimally made a painting. Explain their response to that idea,and then provide your definition of what qualifies as a painting.
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Age: Making It New
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Q1) The International Style is characterized by A) great height and decorative style.
B) highly stylized forms and exotic materials.
C) plain geometries and austere design.
D) machine parts used as décor.
Q2) The town of Gee's Bend,Alabama is particularly known for A) blues.
B) painting.
C) poetry.
D) quiltmaking.
Q3) Hollywood,California become the center of the movie industry because of A) plentiful cheap labor.
B) proximity to varied terrain.
C) abundant sunshine.
D) a large existing manufacturing industry.
Q4) Skyscrapers predominantly symbolize A) manufacturing skill.
B) corporate power and prestige.
C) male dominance.
D) freedom.
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Chapter 37: The Age of Anxiety: Fascism and Depression,
holocaust and Bomb
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Q1) Identify and explain three ways the Great Depression recovery Work Projects Administration (WPA)aided the arts,listing a specific example of each way.
Q2) Joseph Stalin killed up to 10 million kulaks (peasant farmers)and sent millions of others to labor camps between 1929 and 1933 for A) refusing to collectivize.
B) causing a meat shortage.
C) leaving their farms for factory jobs.
D) exporting grain to Germany.
Q3) The WPA mural project was led by
A) Diego Rivera.
B) Thomas Hart Benson.
C) Aaron Copland.
D) Margaret Bourke-White.
Q4) Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius equated his architecture with A) politics.
B) romance.
C) nationalism.
D) religion.
Page 20
Q5) Identify and analyze two events that aided Hitler's rise to power in Germany.
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Chapter 38: After the War: Existential Doubt,artistic
Triumph,and the Culture of Consumption
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Q1) Frank Lloyd Wright designed the Guggenheim Museum as a spiral with a ramp and an open rotunda in the middle so that
A) visitors could see what they had viewed and what was to come.
B) the building would survive longer.
C) visitors would not tire from climbing many stairs.
D) natural light would amply permeate the picture galleries.
Q2) The organization known as "The Club" excluded communists,homosexuals,and women,claiming them to be
A) incapable of producing serious art.
B) capable of bringing negative attention to The Club.
C) prone to make political statements.
D) the three groups that take over.
Q3) To reap the full effect of David Smith's Blackburn: Song of an Irish Blacksmith,the viewer must
A) see it in different lights.
B) move around it.
C) know Smith's background.
D) see it move.
Q4) Define "existentialism," and give two reasons for its appeal to post-World War II people.
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Chapter 39: Multiplicity and Diversity: Cultures of Liberation and
Identity in the 1960s and 1970s
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Q1) In the late 1960s,many American artists began protesting against museums because
A) they disliked having their works enclosed within four walls.
B) the government funded the majority of museums.
C) museums were refusing to display their antiwar works.
D) they associated the museums with support of the war.
Q2) Television's An American Family star Lance Loud created controversy in the mid-1970s by
A) being open about his homosexuality.
B) getting divorced.
C) demonstrating support for abortion.
D) posing nude for Andy Warhol.
Q3) An overarching theme of the 1960s and the 1970s is the exploration and redefining of roles in American society.From African Americans to the youth culture to women to men,identify and discuss three traditional roles that were challenged and perhaps changed.
Q4) Why did Robert Smithson used the spiral shape for its
A) association with pagan religions.
B) symbolism of rebirth and renewal.
C) prevalence in nature and ornamentation.
D) reflection of the Great Salt Lake's shape.
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Chapter 40: Without Boundaries: Multiple Meanings in a
Postmodern World
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Q1) Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao,Spain can be defined as postmodern because of its
A) outer elements covered in metal.
B) enormous and expansive size.
C) discontinuity with the town and countryside.
D) playful resemblance to a ship in full sail.
Q2) Deconstruction is typical of postmodernism in its
A) determination of a reader's response to a work.
B) analysis of individual words.
C) inherently cross-cultural approach to criticism.
D) exposure of the possibilities of meaning.
Q3) Define "green architecture," and explain how it fits with the concept of postmodern architecture.Then describe two examples-one from the book and one from your community.
Q4) In his "Gentle Manifesto," architect Robert Venturi defines the postmodern aesthetic as one of
A) clean and simple geometries.
B) harmony with its surroundings.
C) difficult unity of inclusion.
D) docile space for modern people.
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