World Civilizations I Exam Questions
Course Introduction
World Civilizations I is a survey course that explores the development of human societies from prehistoric times to the early modern era, focusing on the political, economic, cultural, and social structures of major world civilizations across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Students will examine key events, influential figures, and transformative ideas, paying special attention to the interactions and exchanges such as trade, conquest, and migration that shaped the evolution of civilizations. Through primary and secondary sources, the course encourages critical analysis of historical perspectives and cultural achievements, laying a foundation for understanding the global patterns and connections that have influenced the worlds history.
Recommended Textbook
The Humanities Culture Continuity and Change Volume 1 3rd Edition by Henry M. Sayre
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Rise of Culture: From Forest to Farm
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Q1) What is the most basic architectural technique for spanning space?
A)post-and-lintel
B)corbel
C)cromlech
D)menhir
Answer: A
Q2) Why did the Chauvet painters utilize perspectival drawing?
A)to convey a sense of three-dimensional space
B)to demonstrate allegiance to the Mother Goddess
C)to foster a sense of communal history
D)to increase contrasts in values and color
Answer: A
Q3) Implying a community's sense of historical continuity,what was buried beneath some of the Neolithic Çatalhöyük houses?
A)human bodies and skulls
B)fertility goddess statuettes
C)boar tusks,vulture skulls,and weasel teeth
D)large terracotta heads of leaders
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Mesopotamia: Power and Social Order in the
Early Middle East
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Q1) The Mesopotamian ruler's role in religion was to A)act as intermediary between the gods and humans.
B)preside at sacrifices that took place atop the ziggurats.
C)mate with a priestess in a yearly ceremony.
D)select a particular divinity to be chief in his city-state.
Answer: A
Q2) Zoroaster's greatest contribution to religious thought is the A)concept of a heaven and a hell.
B)notion of a dualistic universe.
C)emphasis on free will.
D)belief in an enduring soul.
Answer: C
Q3) The gods granted Utnapishtim immortality because he A)baked bread for them.
B)survived the Great Flood.
C)was considered a virtuous man.
D)begged them fiercely.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: The Stability of Ancient Egypt: Flood and Sun
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Q1) Which god did Akhenaten declare to be supreme?
A)Isis
B)Aten
C)Horus
D)Ammit
Answer: B
Q2) Akhenaten's reforms to religion and art lasted until
A)the Late Period.
B)his death.
C)Tutankhamun's death
D)Alexander the Great's arrival.
Answer: B
Q3) Why were the Kushites able to control Egypt during the eighth century BCE?
A)The Egyptians needed stronger leadership to thwart an Assyrian invasion.
B)The Egyptian pharaohs had become weakened due to inbreeding.
C)The Kushites invaded Egypt,killed the pharaoh,and seized control.
D)The Kushites controlled most of Egypt's debt from building programs.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Aegean World and the Rise of Greece: Trade,War,and Victory
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Q1) During his lifetime,an Athenian citizen could serve on the Council of Five Hundred A)once.
B)twice.
C)ten times.
D)twenty times.
Q2) We know that the Cycladic and the Minoan cultures had contact with each other from
A)similar motifs in their frescoes.
B)DNA testing on tomb remains.
C)written records mentioning contact.
D)similar sewage systems in their cities.
Q3) The female equivalent of the kouroi,korai seemed to serve the function of, A)decorations for private homes.
B)votive offerings to Athena.
C)mannequins for clothing shops.
D)commemorative grave markers.
Q4) Trace the development of democracy in Greece,from Draco's harsh laws to Cleistenes's establishment of the Council of Five Hundred.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Golden Age Athens and the Hellenic World: The
School of Hellas
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Q1) Why does Pericles claim in his funeral speech that Athens is "the school of Hellas"?
A)Athenians were the most educated of all the Greeks.
B)Athens boasted more philosophers as citizens.
C)Pericles established schools for all the Athenians.
D)Athens taught all of Greece by its example.
Q2) Why were the Athenian citizens endowed with so much leisure time?
A)They imported their food,so they had no need to work the fields.
B)Revenue from the Delian League supported them.
C)Their humble living circumstances required minimal upkeep.
D)Slaves outnumbered Athenian citizens more than two to one.
Q3) Athens's Golden Age began and ended,respectively,with
A)victory over the Persians and defeat by Sparta.
B)the rise of Cleisthenes and the death of Pericles.
C)victory over the Spartans and the death of Socrates.
D)the rise of Alexander the Great and the death of Cleopatra.
Q4) Discuss the change in sculpture from the rigid Archaic (see Chap.4)to the more natural Classical of Athens' Golden Age in terms of the latter's reflection of a higher mathematical order and emphasis on the ideal harmony between the natural world and the intellectual or spiritual realm.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Rome: Urban Life and Imperial Majesty
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Q1) Etruscan women seem to have had a status
A)similar to that of slaves.
B)significantly lower than men but higher than slaves.
C)equal to men.
D)superior to men.
Q2) In Virgil's Aeneid,why must Aeneas leave Dido,causing her to commit suicide?
A)He has a wife to whom he must return.
B)As queen of Carthage,she is forbidden to marry a foreigner.
C)He owes a duty to the gods to continue on his journey.
D)She tells him to leave because the goddess Juno decreed so.
Q3) In addressing what he considered to be a crisis of the demise of family life in Rome,Augustus did all of the following EXCEPT
A)criminalize slavery.
B)criminalize adultery.
C)require widows to remarry.
D)fiscally punish childless adults.
Q4) Explain how the Ara Pacis Augustae and Augustus of Primaporta can be seen as works of propaganda.
Q5) List and explain three examples of Etruscan influence on Roman culture.
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Chapter 7: Emerging Empires in the East: Urban Life and
Imperial Majesty in China and India
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Q1) Why was the Silk Road so important in Southeast Asia's development?
A)It spurred the cultural interchange between East and West,India and China.
B)Lined with mulberry trees,it was home to the finest silk moth caterpillars.
C)Sericulture,or silk farming,first developed here in about 2700 BCE.
D)It offered the Chinese a quicker,safer route to India than did the sea.
Q2) The Qin dynasty embraced legalism,because it
A)advocated state power over the individual.
B)encouraged piety.
C)encouraged compassion among all people.
D)taught individuals respect for nature.
Q3) Of the three primary deities of Hinduism,Vishnu is believed to assume human form most often because of his
A)great love for humankind.
B)insatiable lust for women.
C)duty to serve as a warrior.
D)need to help people discover nirvana.
Q4) Compare the Chinese concept of balance to the Hindu tripartite of Brahman: Brahma,Vishnu,and Shiva.
Q5) Compare Hinduism's beliefs with Buddhism's.
Q6) Compare the symbolism of Qin Shihuangdi's burial with that of Buddha's. Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Flowering of Christianity: Faith and the
Power of Belief in the Early First Millennium
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Q1) Early Christians developed symbols to identify themselves to each other because they
A)were an illiterate people.
B)considered images to be sinful.
C)rejected the Latin alphabet.
D)feared persecution for their faith.
Q2) Argue for or against a radical Bible revision to include the Gnostic texts.
Q3) According to the evangelist Paul,sinners could earn redemption by
A)showing their faith in Christ and his salvation.
B)refraining from sex except for procreation.
C)spreading the good news of Jesus's life.
D)dedicating their lives to performing good works.
Q4) Augustine of Hippo's Confessions is particularly noteworthy as a literary work,because it is the first
A)Western autobiography.
B)epistolary novel.
C)book to address sex.
D)allegorical work of literature.
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Q5) Compare two sacred spaces-Constantine's St.Peter's Basilica and Justinian's Hagia Sophia.
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Chapter 9: The Rise and Spread of Islam: a New Religion
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Q1) Muslim calligraphers placed great emphasis on beautiful writing style primarily to A)aspire to Muhammad's exemplary handwriting.
B)best express the intonations of the Arabic language.
C)reflect the beauty of the Muslim faith as fully as possible.
D)promote literacy among the faithful.
Q2) Contributing to Islam's rapid spread,the mosque held appeal for its A)inexpensive housing available to the poor.
B)similarity to secular architecture,promoting familiarity.
C)hierarchical architecture,promoting a sense of a defined society.
D)provision of a sense of community.
Q3) Identify the contributions the Spanish Jews gave the world,and explain how Islam enabled them to thrive.
Q4) Spanish Jews welcomed the Muslim invasion,because the A)Muslims exempted them from taxes.
B)Muslims promised to help them defeat the Christians.
C)Visigothic rulers had persecuted them.
D)Muslims offered to resettle the Jews in Jerusalem.
Q5) Even when it is outlawed,art finds a means of expression.Explain this statement in terms of Islamic mosque decoration.
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Chapter 10: Fiefdom and Monastery, pilgrimage and Crusade: The Early Medieval World in Europe
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Q1) The space created by Romanesque churches' barrel vaults had the effect of
A)raising churchgoers' eyes,directing their thoughts toward heaven.
B)reminding churchgoers of the Church's beginnings in Rome.
C)inspiring humility in churchgoers.
D)dazzling churchgoers with the divine light shining through the arches.
Q2) Compare Beowulf's and Roland's sacrifice for the greater good.
Q3) Charlemagne insisted upon a Christian education for his people primarily to
A)gain more favor from Pope Leo.
B)enable them to read aloud and sing in church.
C)persuade more people to convert to Christianity.
D)encourage more men to enter the priesthood.
Q4) Which literary work describes a scene similar to the Sutton Hoo discovery?
A)Beowulf
B)The Luttrell Psalter
C)Song of Roland
D)Scivias
Q5) Discuss the changes in sacred music that occurred during the Middle Ages.
Page 13
Q6) List and explain the reasons for Pope Urban II's instigation of the First Crusade.
Q7) Discuss the ways and reasons the Church imitated the principles of feudalism.
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Chapter 11: Centers of Culture: Court and City in the Larger World
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Q1) Buddhist monks in Nepal and Tibet adapted Buddhism by A)joining it with Bon,the native mystical religion.
B)integrating the ethical elements of Confucianism.
C)replacing the stupas with mountaintop temples.
D)appointing village chiefs to serve as priests.
Q2) Japanese Heian court women were particularly defined by their A)talents in flower arranging.
B)language skills.
C)domestic skills.
D)child-bearing ability.
Q3) After the Han dynasty fell in 220 CE,the Chinese rejected Confucianism for Buddhism,because they
A)blamed Confucianism for civil and cultural dysfunction.
B)embraced Buddhism's emphasis on the soul.
C)rejected Confucianism's social hierarchy.
D)needed Buddhism's position against warfare.
Q4) Discuss the use of and reasons for symbolism in the Yuan dynasty's exiled scholar-painters' works.
Q6) Explain the uses of music in African societies. Page 14
Q5) Describe the appearance and construction of the Ethiopian rock churches.
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Page 15
Chapter 12: The Gothic Style: Faith and Knowledge in an Age of Inquiry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The replacement of massive stonework with an almost lacy play of thin columns was,in the Gothic period,enabled by the development of
A)barrel vaulting.
B)masonry arches.
C)rib vaulting.
D)lancets.
Q2) Identify two architectural innovations that enabled the Gothic structures to be constructed,and show how they contributed to new heights and design.
Q3) The popular poem Roman de la Rose is based upon the relationship between
A)Peter Abelard and Héloïse
B)Jesus and Mary Magdalene
C)Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II
D)Abbot Suger and Louis IX.
Q4) Compare the Franciscan and the Dominican orders,explaining their origins,their philosophies,and their church architecture.
Q5) Explain the symbolism inherent in a Gothic cathedral,citing as examples specific cathedrals.
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Q6) Explain how the Gothic cathedral influenced musical composition and performance.
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Toward a New Humanism
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Q1) Discuss the social realism of Boccaccio's Decameron and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
Q2) In the Arena Chapel frescoes,Giotto deliberately abandons Byzantine balance and symmetry to
A)conform the paintings to the shape of the chapel.
B)make the scenes look more realistic.
C)fit more figures into each scene.
D)impart a greater sense of spirituality to the paintings.
Q3) In her Book of the City of Ladies,Christine de Pizan makes the Virgin Mary queen to
A)confirm women's centrality to Christianity.
B)appease potential critics from the Church.
C)show that women were more devout than men.
D)emphasize the relationship between reason and religion.
Q4) In the Decameron,Boccaccio introduces into Western literature the literary convention of
A)the framing tale.
B)the epic poem.
C)satire.
D)social realism.
Page 17
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Chapter 14: Florence and the Early Renaissance: Humanism in Italy
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Q1) Michelangelo's Moses has horns due to
A)a mistranslation of the Bible from Hebrew to Latin.
B)Renaissance belief that horns stood for power.
C)a personal act of revenge on Pope Julius for ordering him to paint the Sistine ceiling.
D)a convention for showing Moses's anger at the Hebrews for worshipping an idol.
Q2) Michelangelo represented David before,not after,his triumph over Goliath primarily to
A)emphasize David's confidence.
B)demonstrate a difference from Donatello's David.
C)show David's inner conflict.
D)portray David as an unconvincing hero.
Q3) The humanists in Lorenzo's court have viewed Venus in Botticelli's Primavera as A)the personification of carnal desire.
B)an allegory for the highest moral qualities.
C)the symbol of the Florentine republic.
D)a threat to man's free will.
Q4) The Florence Baptistery door competition is considered to have begun the Italian Renaissance.Discuss the ways in which competition marked the intellectual and artistic explosion of the Renaissance.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: The High Renaissance in Rome and Venice:
Papal Patronage and Civic Pride
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Q1) Venetian artists begin favoring oil paint over tempera,because it A)did not flake off of the walls in the humid Venetian climate.
B)was less expensive to mix.
C)gave their work more luminosity and realistic details. D)dries more quickly.
Q2) Identify Venice's three social classes,and within their context explain the significance of scuola membership.
Q3) Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Pope
A)Sixtus IV.
B)Leo X.
C)Clement VII.
D)Julius II.
Q4) Almost all of Madalena Casulana's known musical works are
A)in the form of the frottole.
B)polychoral.
C)composed for the toccata.
D)in the form of the madrigal..
Q5) Analyze the scenes and their arrangement on the Sistine Chapel ceiling,commenting on Michelangelo's creation of them.
Page 19
Q6) Explain the symbolism in Titian's Reclining Nude (Venus of Urbino).
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Page 20
Chapter 16: The Renaissance in the North: Between Wealth and Want
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Q1) Flemish painters favored oil paint because of its A)ability be painted in layers that reflected light.
B)fast drying time.
C)obvious brushstrokes.
D)ability to be mixed with egg for opacity.
Q2) Explain the tension between the clergy and those without money represented in the Heptameron's tale of the Spanish widow.
Q3) Giovanni Arnolfini was a A)painter in Jan van Eyck's studio.
B)member of the Bruges city council.
C)distributor of art in Antwerp.
D)representative of Medici interests.
Q4) Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights was intended to be a conversation piece,a work designed to invite discussion of its meaning.If you were involved in a debate about this work's meaning,what would your response to it be?
Q5) Compare the portrayal of the Fountain of Life in Jan and Hubert van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece with the fountain in the center panel of Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights.
Page 21
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Chapter 17: The Reformation: a New Church and the Arts
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Q1) Ulrich Zwingli's ideas about Christianity differed from Luther's in regards to A)celibacy.
B)charity.
C)indulgences.
D)communion.
Q2) Why did many Northern European artists turn to painting portraits and landscapes?
A)The Protestants banned all other types of paintings.
B)The market for religious art was diminishing.
C)The growing middle class could afford to have portraits painted.
D)The Protestants viewed humans and nature as God's finest art.
Q3) In the Four Apostles,Albrecht Dürer placed John in the foreground,because he was
A)Martin Luther's favorite apostle.
B)considered the most pious apostle.
C)Jesus's most beloved apostle.
D)considered the sternest apostle.
Q4) Albrecht Dürer's popular and much reproduced The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse can be viewed as symbolizing the events of late-fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Western Europe.List the four horsemen,and describe at least two of that period's events that correspond with the horsemen.
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Chapter 18: Encounter and Confrontation: the Impact of Increasing Global Interaction
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Q1) The Spanish were unable to use African slaves in the Bolivian silver mine at Potosí,because the Africans
A)feared the wrath of the Incan gods.
B)were unable to adjust to the high elevation.
C)had no skills as miners.
D)were allergic to silver.
Q2) The Ming Chinese avoided cultural syncretism,because
A)China's location restricted contact with others.
B)they believed their culture to be superior.
C)despotic Ming emperors executed all foreigners.
D)they feared eternal damnation if they changed their ways.
Q3) Japanese namban paintings are unique in that they
A)functioned as walls in the houses.
B)present an unparalleled convergence of cultures.
C)celebrated the arrival of slaves from Africa.
D)were used as Japan's main currency for trade.
Q4) Describe the appearance and meaning of a karesansui Zen garden.
Q5) Define the "stillness of inaction" in relation to a Noh drama,and explain its intended effect on an audience.
Q6) Describe the rules,setting,and function of the Japanese tea ceremony. Page 23
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Chapter 19: England in the Tudor Age: This Other Eden
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Q1) Compare Marlowe's character Dr.Faustus to Shakespeare's Hamlet as protagonists,focusing on their reasons for and means of achieving their goals.
Q2) English families agreed to colonize Roanoke Island in 1587
A)to gain religious freedom.
B)in exchange for land.
C)to avoid imprisonment.
D)to escape tyrant English landlords.
Q3) Identify and describe the subjects and circumstances of Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors.
Q4) The first real cash crop exported from the New World was A)corn.
B)hemp.
C)tobacco.
D)sugar cane.
Q5) Explain a conceit,a characteristic of Elizabethan poetry,and provide at least one example.
Q6) Identify and discuss three changes in England brought about by Henry's sale of the monastic lands.
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Chapter 20: The Early
Counter-Reformation and Mannerism: Restraint and Invention
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Q1) El Greco's Resurrection satisfies the moral strictures of the Spanish Inquisition because of its
A)floral imagery.
B)carefully placed draperies.
C)emphasis on prayer.
D)subdued colors.
Q2) Giovanni Bologna titled his sculptural invention Rape of the Sabine Women
A)to give it more erotic appeal.
B)because a colleague suggested this title.
C)to justify the serpentine composition.
D)because he wished to shock his public.
Q3) In Spain,the Church implemented the Inquisition in 1478 to A)seek out and execute witches.
B)expose and persecute pagans.
C)expel those aligned with Luther's reforms.
D)expel or convert all non-Christian Spaniards.
Q4) Describe the subject,content,and location of Michelangelo's Last Judgment,and explain the reasons it almost immediately provoked controversy.
Page 26
Q5) List and explain three reforms the Council of Trent mandated.
Q6) Identify at least three characteristics of Mannerist style in visual art.
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