Wildlife Biology Exam
Bank
Course Introduction
Wildlife Biology is an interdisciplinary course that explores the study of animals and their habitats, focusing on the ecology, behavior, conservation, and management of wildlife species. Students learn about the biological principles underlying animal populations, their interactions with ecosystems, and the impact of human activities on biodiversity. The course covers techniques used in field research, such as population monitoring and habitat assessment, as well as contemporary issues in wildlife conservation, including endangered species protection and habitat restoration. Through lectures, hands-on activities, and case studies, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and strategies involved in conserving and managing wildlife populations in a rapidly changing world.
Recommended Textbook
Ecology Concepts and Applications 5th Edition by Manuel Molles
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers
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Q1) A population can be defined as
A) a group of individuals of a single species inhabiting a defined area.
B) an association of interacting species.
C) a group of individuals of a single species and all of the physical and chemical factors influencing them.
D) all of the organisms in a defined area.
E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Q2) An ecosystem is defined as
A) all the organisms that live in an area.
B) the physical environment with which organisms interact.
C) an association of interacting species.
D) all of the organisms that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact.
E) all of the individuals of a single species that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact.
Answer: D
Q3) ____________ are aerial plants obtaining nutrient from trapped organic matter.
Answer: Epiphytes
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Chapter 2: Life on Land
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following soil horizon profiles is ordered correctly?
A) A, B, C, O
B) O, A, B, C
C) O, B, A, C
D) C, B, O, A
E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Q2) A sample mean is a statistical estimate of the true population mean.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) As altitude increases,temperatures decrease,likewise,as latitude decreases,temperatures decrease.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Trade winds move toward the equator.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Life in Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following vertical aquatic zones is correctly ordered?
A) bathypelagic, mesopelagic, epipelagic, abyssal, hadal
B) epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssal, hadal
C) abyssal, bathypelagic, hadal, mesopelagic, epipelagic
D) epipelagic, bathypelagic, mesopelagic, hadal, abyssal
E) mesopelagic, abyssal, epipelagic, hadal, bathypelagic
Answer: B
Q2) The male of the deep-sea anglerfish species is reduced to a parasitic appendage of the female.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) All of the following statements concerning oligotrophic lakes are true except:
A) warm temperatures.
B) low nutrients.
C) high oxygen content.
D) deep and clear waters.
E) low biological productivity.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Population Genetics and Natural Selection
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,in a situation where there are only two alleles at a particular locus,the proportions of genotypes are: SS = 0.64,Ss = 0.32,and ss = 0.04.Calculate the allele frequency for the recessive allele.
A) 0.04
B) 0.2
C) 0.32
D) 0.64
E) 0.8
Q2) The transplant experiment conducted on Potentilla glandulosa determined that morphological changes occurred,but no genetic changes occurred within the various experimental populations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation:
A) q<sup>2</sup> - qp + p<sup>2</sup> = 1.0
B) 2pq - q<sub>2</sub> - 2p = 1.0
C) q<sup>2</sup> - qp<sub>2</sub> + p = 1.0
D) p<sup>2</sup> + 2pq + q<sup>2</sup> = 1.0
E) p<sup>2</sup> + pq + q<sup>2</sup> = 1.0
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Chapter 5: Temperature Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that the broad tailed hummingbird will enter into torpor
A) if a minimum surrounding air temperature is met.
B) during a summer drought.
C) if their body fat drops below 15%.
D) if darkness exceeds daylight hours.
E) if insufficient nectar is obtained.
Q2) All of the following are components that influence a microclimate except:
A) burrows.
B) vegetation.
C) ground color.
D) topography.
E) None of the choices are correct.
Q3) In general,reptiles are considered to be a/an?
A) poikilotherm
B) homeotherm
C) endotherm
D) heterotherm
E) two of the choices are correct
Q4) An animal will use different ____________________ to maintain an optimum operative temperature range.
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Chapter 6: Water Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most water loss in terrestrial animals is due to evaporation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Saturation water vapor pressure
A) increases with temperature.
B) decreases with temperature.
C) parallels vapor pressure density.
D) both increases with temperature and parallels vapor pressure density.
E) both decreases with temperature and parallels vapor pressure density.
Q3) The potential for evaporative water loss by terrestrial organisms 3-15-2013
A) decreases with increased vapor pressure deficit.
B) increases with decreased vapor pressure deficit.
C) increases with increased vapor pressure deficit.
D) None of the choices are correct.
Q4) A high water vapor pressure deficit indicates that the water vapor content of the air is near saturation.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Energy and Nutrient Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Several studies indicate that environmental conditions dictate plant biomass allocation; plants grown in infertile soils will allocate more energy into _________________ biomass.
A) leaf
B) stem
C) root
D) flower
E) seed
Q2) Müllerian and Batesian mimicries differ from one another because
A) in Müllerian mimicry, the mimic is actually harmless.
B) in Müllerian mimicry, the model is actually harmless.
C) Müllerian mimicry is a form of comimicry.
D) Müllerian mimicry is a form of camouflage.
E) None of the choices are correct.
Q3) The energy harvested in the light dependent reaction will eventually be used to run the C<sub>3</sub> cycle and ultimately lead to the production of
Q4) Dead leaves contain half as much nitrogen compared to live leaves.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Socail Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intersexual competition generally involves dominance or contest competition,whereas intrasexual selection involves mate selection through secondary sexual competition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fitness is defined as the
A) health of an individual organism.
B) ability of an organism to adapt to new environmental situations.
C) quality of offspring produced.
D) number of genes contributed by an individual to the next generation.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Q3) Which of the following statements concerning lion cooperative living is false?
A) Larger coalitions are composed of unrelated males.
B) Prides are composed of closely related females.
C) First and second ranked males sire the majority of cubs.
D) Males taking over a pride will practice infanticide.
E) Female lions nurse each other's cubs.
Q4) There is a _________________ correlation with the amount of rainfall and the reproductive success of the African green woodhoopoes.
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Chapter 9: Population Distribution and Abundance
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Q1) Often small scale distribution patterns gathered from mountain gradients can be used to draw conclusions about large scale distribution patterns.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The __________ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live,in the absence of interaction with other species.
A) functional niche
B) realized niche
C) principle niche
D) fundamental niche
E) primary niche
Q3) Donald Phillips and James MacMahon showed that the distribution pattern of creosote bush,Larrea tridentata,changes in the following sequence as they grow:
A) clumped, regular, random
B) regular, random, clumped
C) random, regular, clumped
D) random, clumped, regular
E) clumped, random, regular
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Chapter 10: Population Dynamics
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Q1) The per capita rate of increase cannot be a negative number.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Type I survivorship curve indicates
A) low juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
B) high juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
C) low juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
D) high juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
E) equal chance of dying at any age.
Q3) Humans would best be represented by which of the following survivorships curves?
A) III
B) II
C) I
D) IV
E) None of the choices are correct.
Q4) Fecundity is another term for the net reproductive rate.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Individuals born during a specified time period are grouped as a
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Chapter 11: Population Growth
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Q1) Occasionally,density independent factors can influence populations in a density dependent manner.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The biotic potential of an organism produces the leveling off at carrying capacity in the logistic growth curve.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If the age distribution diagram has the smallest concentration of individuals in the bottom portion or is considered to be an urn shape,this indicates that
A) the population is stable.
B) the population is declining.
C) the population is growing slowly.
D) the population is growing rapidly.
E) This answer cannot be determined.
Q4) In the most basic terms,a population's growth is a function of births and deaths.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Life Histories
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ show more variation in life history traits than any other group.
A) All of the choices show equal amounts of variation in life history traits.
B) Mammals
C) Birds
D) Reptiles
E) Fish
Q2) Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.
Q3) Westoby,Leishman,and Lord found that on average,________ produce the largest seeds.
A) forbs
B) woody plants
C) climbing plants and vines
D) graminoids
E) herbs
Q4) In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to highly disturbed environments is called a ____________ species.
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Chapter 13: Competition
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Q1) Ecologists sometimes use __________________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.
A) character displacement
B) mathematical or laboratory models
C) competition coefficients
D) replication
E) None of the choices are correct.
Q2) In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire
A) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks.
B) belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings.
C) aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings.
D) aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks.
E) belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks.
Q3) Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ____________.
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Chapter 14: Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ephemerellid mayflies under attack by stoneflies will typically
A) swim away to escape possible predation.
B) rely on their cryptic coloration to escape detection.
C) rely on their spiny appendages to deter attack.
D) adopt a posture which increases their apparent size, so that the predator will avoid them.
E) burrow into the stream bottom.
Q2) Which of the following is a result of infection of Arabis by the plant parasite Puccinia monoica?
A) formation of an elongated rosette topped by a cluster of bright yellow leaves
B) formation of a pseudoflower that resembles the flower of a buttercup
C) insect transfer of spermatia from one fungus to another
D) elimination of seed formation by the host plant
E) All of the choices are correct.
Q3) An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________.
Q4) Birds are more effective predators than bats on foliage-living arthropods in tropical lowland forests.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Mutualism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The interaction between honeyguide birds and the Boran people of Kenya
A) is an obligate mutualism.
B) is a facultative mutualism.
C) is exploitative, with humans benefiting but honeyguides exploited.
D) represents the only way a honeyguide can gain access to a beehive.
E) depends only on humans following birds, not on active communication by the birds.
Q2) Mycorrhizal fungi (directly)help their plant partners acquire A) sugars.
B) sunlight.
C) seed dispersal.
D) soil nutrients.
E) pollination.
Q3) Ants on the aspen sunflower,Helianthella quinquenervis,obtain sugars and amino acids by
A) collecting nectar from the sunflower's flowers.
B) collecting nectar from extrafloral nectaries.
C) tending aphids that extract plant sap.
D) extracting plant sap directly by piercing the sunflower stem.
E) All of the choices are correct.
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Chapter 16: Species Abundance and Diversity
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Q1) Concentrations of inorganic nutrients typically don't vary much across the surface of a single lake.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Robert MacArthur's study of forest warblers suggested that
A) fewer warbler species can survive in more complex habitats.
B) warbler species diversity increases with habitat complexity.
C) warbler species diversity decreases with habitat complexity.
D) most warblers have rather similar foraging niches.
E) None of the choices are correct.
Q3) In both northern California and southwestern Ohio,the greatest number of bird species was found
A) in urban centers.
B) in golf courses.
C) in rural areas.
D) in urban centers and rural areas but not in areas of intermediate land use intensity.
E) Bird species richness did not vary along gradients of land use intensity.
Q4) A set of species that have similar ways of making their living make up a __________.
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Chapter 17: Species Interactions and Community Structure
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Q1) In the Washington intertidal community studied by Robert Paine,the most important limiting resource is
A) space.
B) light.
C) plankton.
D) nitrogen.
E) water.
Q2) Human hunters in the Amazon rain forests kill
A) large numbers of almost every mammal and bird species, for food and for skins.
B) large numbers of the smallest mammal and bird species, which are easiest to catch.
C) large numbers primarily of the largest mammal and bird species.
D) large numbers of mammals and birds, but do not greatly affect population densities.
E) only a few mammals and birds, but because humans are keystone species, these few kills greatly reduce population densities.
Q3) The presence of cleaner wrasse enhances diversity of fishes on coral reefs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Primary Production and Energy Flow
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Q1) Bowman and his colleagues,who added nutrients to the alpine tundra on Niwot Ridge,Colorado,found
A) phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows.
B) nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows.
C) phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in dry meadows.
D) nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in wet meadows.
E) nitrogen and phosphorus jointly limit primary production in wet meadows.
Q2) In Stephen Carpenter and colleagues' manipulations of lake food webs,increased densities of adult largemouth bass led to
A) increased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton.
B) decreased rates of grazing on phytoplankton by zooplankton.
C) increased population sizes of planktivorous fish.
D) increased consumption of zooplankton by planktivorous fish.
E) no noticeable effects on food web structure.
Q3) An organism's _________ describes its feeding position within an ecosystem.
A) prey level
B) production level
C) consumption level
D) trophic level
E) predator level
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Chapter 19: Nutrient Cycling and Retention
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Q1) Pocket gophers change the nitrogen cycle in prairies because they
A) excavate nitrogen-rich subsoil to the surface.
B) selectively remove nitrogen-fixing legumes from plant communities.
C) bury nitrogen-rich organic material in their burrows.
D) cultivate nitrogen-fixing bacteria in burrow chambers.
E) excavate nitrogen-poor subsoil to the surface.
Q2) The release of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>)from decaying organic material is called ____________.
Q3) The release of nutrients from organic material in inorganic form is called
Q4) Likens and Bormann found that over 90% of the nutrients in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest were in the soil organic matter. A)True B)False
Q5) ________________ is the process of increased nutrient inputs into an ecosystem resulting in increased primary productivity and reduced biodiversity.
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Chapter 20: Succession and Stability
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Q1) In the Piedmont of North Carolina,as plant diversity increases through secondary succession,bird diversity
A) increases at first, but then declines late in succession.
B) increases steadily through succession.
C) increases slowly at first, but then rapidly late in succession.
D) increases rapidly at first, then plateaus late in succession.
E) first decreases, but later increases.
Q2) Three years of herbicide applications by Bormann and Likens to a clear cut forest in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest resulted in A) delayed succession.
B) increased export of calcium.
C) increased import of nitrogen.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) both delayed succession and increased export of calcium.
Q3) A set of sites differing in successional age is called a ____________.
Q4) On intertidal boulders in California,the climax community is dominated by perennial red algae.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Landscape Ecology
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Q1) Vegetation in bajadas of the Arizona Sonoran Desert
A) is largely uniform, as are the soils it grows on.
B) is largely uniform, despite variation in the soils it grows on.
C) varies in space, primarily reflecting a mosaic of ancient and recently disturbed patches.
D) varies in space, primarily reflecting a mosaic of soil types.
E) varies in space, primarily reflecting patchy enrichment by agricultural fertilization.
Q2) Groundwater inputs to lakes tend to
A) increase from the upper to lower end of a flow system.
B) decrease from the upper to lower end of a flow system.
C) remain roughly constant from the upper to lower end of a flow system.
D) be higher for lakes with less input from surface runoff.
E) make up the great majority of water supply for all lakes.
Q3) "Argyllic horizons" in soil are rich in A) phosphorous.
B) organic matter.
C) sand.
D) gravel.
E) clay.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Geographic Ecology
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Q1) MacArthur and Wilson hypothesized that larger islands would experience more extinction events because more species present means
A) more chances for extinctions.
B) more likelihood of competitive exclusion.
C) smaller population size of each.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) Only more chances for extinctions and smaller population size of each.
Q2) The negative correlation between foliage height diversity and bird species diversity in South American beech forests is attributed to
A) small area.
B) isolation.
C) cold temperatures.
D) both small area and cold temperatures.
E) both small area and isolation.
Q3) Temperate tree diversity is higher in Europe than in North America,because North American trees have been subject to many more glacial extinctions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Global Ecology
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Q1) La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to
A) North America.
B) South America.
C) Australia.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) both North America and South America.
Q2) The __________ is the layer of atmosphere which extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.
A) stratosphere
B) mesosphere
C) thermosphere
D) troposphere
E) ozonosphere
Q3) Which of the following gases contribute to warming of the Earth's surface through the greenhouse effect?
A) carbon dioxide
B) methane
C) water vapor
D) nitrous oxide
E) All of the choices are correct.
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