Western Heritage I Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Western Heritage I examines the foundational ideas, cultures, and historical developments that shaped Western civilization from the ancient Near East through the Middle Ages. The course explores key texts, philosophical concepts, artistic achievements, political systems, and religious traditions that influenced the Greco-Roman world, early Christianity, and medieval Europe. Students will engage with primary sources and learn how these historical legacies continue to impact contemporary society, fostering critical thinking about the origins of Western values, institutions, and cultural forms.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition by Marvin Perry(check images and others
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) Who may be best associated with forwarding monotheistic ideas?
A) Ramses
B) Tutankhamen
C) Maety
D) Akhenaten
E) Ahmose
Answer: D
Q2) The Phoenicians' way of life revolved around
A) settled agriculture.
B) constant welfare.
C) nomadic sheepherding.
D) commercial trade.
E) caravan trade.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) How did the Hebrew view of history differ from that of the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians?
A) The Hebrews kept careful records of their past, while the Egyptians and Mesopotamians did not.
B) Egyptians and Mesopotamians believed that God intervened in history, while the Hebrews did not.
C) While the Jews saw human history as a process leading to a goal, the Mesopotamians and Egyptians saw history as a repetition of events experienced by their ancestors.
D) The Mesopotamians and the Egyptians shared the same history as the Hebrews.
E) Egyptians and Mesopotamians had unique events that kept the past alive and vital, while the Hebrews did not have any.
Answer: C
Q2) Israel
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) The Iliad was set during
A) the Trojan War
B) the Persian War
C) Alexander the Great's Reign
D) trial of Socrates
E) Fall of Athens
Answer: A
Q2) Democritus
Answer: Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived around 460-370 BCE. He is best known for his theory of atomism, which proposed that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Democritus believed that these atoms were in constant motion and combined in different ways to form all the substances in the world. He was also interested in ethics, cosmology, and the nature of the universe. Democritus' ideas were important because they laid the groundwork for modern atomic theory and our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of matter. His work also contributed to the development of scientific thought and the study of natural phenomena.
Q3) Aristotle
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter
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Q1) Virgil's epic The Aeneid was written because
A) Virgil wanted to protest against the tyrannous rule of Augustus.
B) the Senate commissioned it to commemorate victory in the Punic Wars.
C) Augustus commissioned it to glorify his role in founding the Empire.
D) Pontius Pilate commissioned it to please Augustus.
E) Cicero used it to promote Roman virtues.
Q2) Did Rome treat overseas peoples in the same way that it treated its Italian allies?
Q3) On the map of Europe, fill in the areas that were considered Roman territories in 140 B.C. and in 44 B.C.
Q4) Trace the main developments of the Roman constitution. Compare the way the Roman constitution developed with the Greek attitude toward law as expressed by Solon.
Q5) Cicero's accomplishments include all except
A) Senator
B) distinguished orator
C) Roman statesman
D) student of Greek philosophy
E) general
Q6) Virgil
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) Dead Sea Scrolls
Q2) It is generally recognized that the synoptic Gospels
A) contain very different parables.
B) focus on the apocalypse.
C) are clever forgeries.
D) treat Jesus' life in a similar manner.
E) focus on the end times.
Q3) Which of the following is not accurate?
A) Christianity inherited the Hebrew view that God is both lawgiver and judge.
B) All Christians rejected Greek philosophy as erroneous.
C) The Greek conception of God was different from the conception of God held by Christianity and the Hebrews.
D) The Greeks held that God was a logical abstraction, a principle of order, and a prime mover.
E) The Greeks approached God through the intellect, not the heart.
Q4) Diaspora
Q5) Arius
Q6) Logos
Q7) Explain ways in which the Jewish community might have been able to accept Jesus as a prophet.
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and
Germanic Traditions
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Q1) In 800, Pope Leo III crowned _________ Emperor of the Romans.
A) Pepin the Short
B) Louis the Pious
C) Charles Martel
D) Charlemagne
E) Alcuin of York
Q2) Which of the following was NOT a part of the group of invaders that threatened Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries?
A) Vikings.
B) Muslims.
C) Vandals.
D) Magyars
E) Northmen.
Q3) Which is least associated with the era of Charlemagne?
A) Carolingian Renaissance
B) Palace school
C) Treaty of Verdun
D) Leo III
E) Conversion of the Saxons to Christianity
Q4) Hugh Capet
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) On the map of Europe, locate where the following intellectuals worked or taught: Thomas Aquinas at Paris; Robert Grossteste, at the University of Oxford near London; Albert the Great at Paris; and Anselm in Normandy.
Q2) Locate on the map of Europe the site of the following battles of the Hundred Years' War: Orléans, Poitiers, Crécy, and Agincourt.
Q3) Gregory XI
Q4) Which of the following popes issued the Clericis Laicos?
A) Gregory VIII
B) Urban II
C) Clement III
D) Boniface VIII
E) Benedict XI
Q5) Which of the following medieval scientists was the chancellor of Oxford University?
A) Avicenna
B) Robert Grosseteste
C) Galen
D) Hippocrates
E) Albert
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) The largest group in the Radical Reformation before 1550 was the A) Presbyterians.
B) Lutherans.
C) Calvinists.
D) Anabaptists.
E) Mennonites.
Q2) Define the term humanism and explain its impact on a Renaissance educational ideal.
Q3) How did Luther view the concept of salvation?
A) A need to adhere to the sacraments.
B) Pilgrimage to the Holy Land was a requirement.
C) Faith alone should rule a person's earthly existence.
D) Tithes to the church must be honored.
E) Participation in a Crusade is an honor.
Q4) Florence
Q5) Cosimo de' Medici
Q6) Why was Italian society so amenable to the development of the Renaissance?
Q7) Peasants' Revolt
Q8) William Shakespeare
Page 10
Q9) How did Erasmus encourage the Reformation even if he did not agree with it?
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution
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Q1) James II
Q2) An insight into the degree of Charles V's power can be seen in the fact that he
A) ruled Spain, the Netherlands, and Austria.
B) never became Holy Roman Emperor.
C) strongly supported the Protestant cause.
D) witnessed the nadir of Hapsburg power.
E) was defeated by England.
Q3) mercantilism
Q4) Putting-out system
Q5) How did Philip II fuse his religious zeal to his foreign policy?
A) Jews were burned at the stake.
B) Jon Hus was imprisoned.
C) He tried to put a Spaniard in the papacy.
D) He sent the Spanish Armada as a holy crusade to destroy Protestantism in England.
E) He married a Catholic French princess.
Q6) middle passage
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Q7) On a blank map of Europe, designate those areas belonging to the Hapsburg family, those held by the Tudor monarchs and those controlled by Spain in approximately the mid-seventeenth century.
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Hobbes and Locke would have both agreed that
A) humans were rational by nature
B) humans are essential good
C) absolute monarchy protects people from our own selfish impulses
D) governments exist in order to ensure security
E) humans are antisocial
Q2) The new model put forth by Copernicus and Galileo that believed that the planets orbited the sun was known as
A) heliocentric model.
B) geocentric model.
C) epicenter model.
D) mathematical model.
E) epicycle model.
Q3) Why did many Philosophes reject democracy and prefer an enlighted despot?
Q4) Discuss the relationships of both Copernicus and Galileo to the Roman Church.
Q5) Diderot
Q6) "I think, therefore I am."
Q7) the Congregation of the Index
Q8) Aristotelian-Ptolemaic System Page 13
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) san-culottes
Q2) The pivotal personality who led the Jacobins to win both the internal and external wars during the radical stage of the French Revolution was
A) Maximilien Robespierre.
B) Georges Danton.
C) Marquis de Lafayette.
D) Abbe Sieyes.
E) Albert Richelieu.
Q3) émigrés
Q4) Fighting in Vendéans occurred during which period of the French Revolution?
A) Reign of Terror
B) Napoleonic Wars
C) Storming of the Bastille
D) Thermidorean Reaction
E) National Assembly
Q5) "the nation of shopkeepers"
Q6) Duke of Wellington
Q7) Banalities
Page 15
Q8) Was it inevitable that a Reign of Terror would erupt during the French Revolution? Explain.
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) James Hargreaves
Q2) According to the text, all of the following contributed to the development of an industrial revolution in Britain except
A) large and easily developed supplies of coal and iron.
B) the enclosure movement providing factories with a labor pool.
C) a river transportation system supplemented by canals and toll roads.
D) relative decentralization of European governments' power.
E) availability of cheap labor.
Q3) The Factory Act (1847)
Q4) The Chartist reform movement was lead by
A) The House of Commons.
B) King William IV.
C) Feargus O'Connor.
D) Thomas Malthus.
E) Robert Owen.
Q5) Samuel Crompton
Q6) Edmund Cartwright
Q7) The Public Health Act (1848)
Q8) James Watt Page 17
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Lord Byron
Q2) On a blank map of Europe, designate the state where each of the following philosophers worked: Hegel, Kant, Hume, and Mill.
Q3) Edmund Burke
Q4) Volksgeist
Q5) The author of Reflections on the Revolution in France was
A) Karl Marx.
B) John Stuart Mill.
C) Edmund Burke.
D) G.W.F. Hegel.
E) Immanuel Kant.
Q6) What is meant by the term romanticism? hHow did the romantics differ from the philosophes?
Q7) Nineteenth Century liberals espoused all of the following except
A) freedom of speech
B) freedom from arbitrary arrest
C) a government derived its authority from the consent of the governed
D) universal voting rights
E) protection of property rights
Q8) Friedrich Schlegel
Page 19
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) William I
Q2) Settlement of 1867
Q3) realpolitik
Q4) Metternich's approach to European politics involved
A) working to revoke the settlement of the Congress of Vienna.
B) the approach that moderate liberalization of government may be a good thing.
C) the conviction that someday soon Austria must attack Russia.
D) working for a restoration of a balance of power.
E) giving power to the middle class.
Q5) The term "realpolitik" is best associated with
A) conservative diplomats efforts to create a balance of power in Europe.
B) a rejection of idealism.
C) the power of the folk and real people.
D) the return to traditional morals after the French Revolution.
E) a combining of artistic realism and political activism.
Q6) On a map of Europe, trace the boundaries of the German Confederation in 1815. Trace the boundary of the North German Confederation and the boundary of the German Empire. Note the differences.
Q7) Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
Q8) Magyars
Page 21
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) Briefly define realism and naturalism. Referring to specific writers and their works, comment on the nature of the impact of these movements.
Q2) How would opponents to women's rights react to the illustration in the text, Poster Published by the Artists' Suffrage League?
A) Married life is a woman's profession.
B) Concerned that family life would be jeopardized.
C) Women have little power to reason.
D) Women are unable to calculate consequences.
E) All of these statements were part of the opponents to woman's rights.
Q3) Which of the following were supporters of Social Darwinism?
A) Albert Beveridge and William Smith
B) Charles Darwin and Erasmus Darwin
C) Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill
D) Auguste Comte and Leo Tolstoy
E) Albert Beveridge and Thomas Hill Green
Q4) Madame Bovary
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Q5) Describe the feminist movement in the nineteenth century. How did feminists use the same natural rights arguments to support their quest for women's rights?
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century:
Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism
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Q1) Which of the following statements does NOT correctly explain why France was not a strong economic power in the mid 1800s?
A) The power of church remained strong outside Paris.
B) Most French still lived in rural areas.
C) Industries were fewer and smaller than industrial England and Germany.
D) Programs enacting social reform were slow to be enacted by the French government.
E) The Third Republic was not a popular regime.
Q2) Bismarck
Q3) Russo-Japanese War
Q4) What was the Meiji Restoration? How did it transform Japan to make it a modern state?
Q5) Which English law enfranchised almost all adult males?
A) The Ballot Act of 1872
B) The Reform Bill of 1867
C) The Factory Act of 1832
D) The Parliamentary Act of 1911
E) The Reform Bill of 1884
Q6) Mao Zedong
Q7) German Social Democratic Party
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature,
Human Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) In general, modernist artists
A) strove to duplicate what they saw in the world.
B) rejected the notion of reproducing what they saw exactly.
C) imitated the work of "primitive" artists in non-western cultures.
D) believed that art should be socially relevant.
E) accepted the Renaissance view of the world as inherently orderly and rational.
Q2) Max Weber's field of activity may be associated with
A) propagandizing for the Wandervogel.
B) leading the field of modern sociology.
C) rivaling Freud in psychoanalysis.
D) advancing medical research.
E) humanism.
Q3) Max Planck
Q4) Albert Einstein
Q5) Wassily Kandinsky
Q6) Cubism
Q7) Paul Klee
Q8) Arnold Schöenberg
Q9) Sigmund Freud
Page 25
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin
Q2) Which of the following members of the Black Hand carried out the assassination that triggered World War I?
A) Kaiser William
B) Alexander Izvolsky
C) Gavrilo Princip
D) Sergei Witte
E) Alexander Kerensky
Q3) Bolsheviks
Q4) Knowing that Russia might come to the aid of Serbia why did Germany side with the Austrian decision to invade Serbia?
A) Russian alliance with France would enable Germany to weaken France.
B) Germany was determined to keep its alliance with Austria, even if meant war.
C) Fearing that Russia would only get stronger, it was militarily a good idea to fight it before it got any stronger.
D) It felt Britain's land forces were too weak to threaten Germany.
E) All of these were causes for Germany joining with Austria when Austria invaded Serbia.
Q5) Was Germany primarily responsible for the outbreak of World War I?
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) Leader State
Q2) The Dawes Plan contributed to Germany economic recovery in the 1920s because it
A) forced the French out of the Ruhr
B) allowed the Germans to print a new German currency which was based on real estate value
C) avoided inflation by stopping the printing of money.
D) attracted foreign investments.
E) reduced reparations based on the German economic capacity.
Q3) How would you explain the basic outlook of Oswald Spengler?
Q4) The official style in art and literature of the communist regime was known as A) comintern.
B) commissaries.
C) collectivization.
D) socialist realism.
E) Kulaks.
Q5) Bolshevik
Q6) How may one say that the experience of Nazism illustrates the dynamic power of myth? How did myth confer power on Hitler's movement?
Q7) Reinhold Niebuhr
Q8) Mein Kampf
Page 28
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Chapter 20: World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) Which of the following statements in regard to the war in the Pacific is NOT true?
A) The Japanese lost their initiative at the Battle of Midway.
B) The breaking of the Japanese naval code was important to the American offensive.
C) Japanese suffered a severe loss to its potential air power at Midway.
D) Japanese soldiers surrendered by the thousands fearing they would be abandoned on isolated Pacific islands.
E) Americans feared the entry of the Soviet Union in the Pacific Theater.
Q2) Following the invasion of Ethiopia, Mussolini continued to receive oil, particularly from A) the Saudi Arabian government.
B) the Soviet government.
C) American suppliers.
D) British oil companies.
E) Russian oil companies.
Q3) Winston Churchill
Q4) What types of resistance movements existed in Europe during World War II? Explain.
Q5) Anschluss
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) Nikita Khrushchev fell from power
A) while he was on vacation.
B) in the midst of the bungled Cuban Missile Crisis.
C) after he sent troops into Hungary.
D) because he denounced Stalin.
E) while he was visiting the United States.
Q2) Fifth Republic
Q3) Pol Pot
Q4) The extensive economic aid the United States provided to Western Europe is generally referred to by what term?
A) The Truman Doctrine
B) The Containment Doctrine
C) The Warsaw Pact
D) The Marshall Plan
E) The London Plan
Q5) Nikita Khrushchev
Q6) How did European and Western powers deal with the revived calls for independence from their colonial holdings after World War II?
Q7) Margaret Thatcher
Q8) Berlin Wall Page 30
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) Why did some countries and some people resist the formation of the EU?
Q2) How has terrorism become the defining feature of the twenty-first century?
Q3) Osama bin Laden
Q4) According to the textbook, rising anti-Semitism is similar to Nazi anti-Semitism for all of the following except
A) efforts to blame Jews for all the problems in the country or region.
B) media images that portray Jewish people as sinister, devil like creatures.
C) dehumanizing efforts that label them as rats, bacteria, pigs, or apes.
D) accusations of conspiracies blaming them for numerous historical tragedies.
E) propagation of an ideal Aryan race in contrast to the Jews.
Q5) Vladimir Putin
Q6) What role has international peace keepers played in the modern world? What are examples of successes and failures?
Q7) During the twentieth century, the world's population has virtually A) doubled.
B) tripled.
C) quadrupled.
D) declined because of Aids in Africa.
E) declined because of the one child rule in China.
Q8) The Dayton Agreement
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